Invitations And Refusals

Ἤρξαντο ἀπὸ μιᾶς παραιτεῖσθαι πάντες... Ἐπὶ τὸ λογικὸν συμπόσιον οὐκ ἀπήντησαν, φιλήδονοι μᾶλλον ὄντες ἢ φιλόθεοι, καὶ τῆς ὕλης ἢ τοῦ Θεοῦ· φιληδονίας μὲν γὰρ δεῖγμα γυνή· ἀγρὸς δὲ καὶ ζεύγη τῆς φιλοχρημοσύνης. Πολλοὺς μὲν οὖν κεκλῆσθαί φησι ἐπὶ τὸ μέγα δεῖπνον καὶ τὸ καθ' ὅλης τῆς οἰκουμένης λογικὸν συμπόσιον τῶν ἱερῶν καὶ θείων Γραφῶν, μὴ μὴν τοὺς πάντας τῆς χάριτος ἐπιτυγχάνειν· ἀποστερεῖσθαι γὰρ αὐτῆς τῶν κεκλημένων τοὺς περὶ ἕτερα ἠσχολημένους. Περισπᾷν γὰρ καὶ ἀφέλκειν τῆς κλήσεως τὰς τοῦ βίου φροντίδας διδάσκει· ταύτας δ' εἶναι διαφόρους ἢ γὰρ περὶ τὰ κτήματα καὶ ἀγροὺς ἀσχολούμενοι, ταῦτα τῆς κλήσεως προτετιμήκασιν, ὡς παραιτήσασθαι τολμῆσαι διὰ ταῦτα τὴν κλῆσιν· ἢ περὶ τὰς τοῦ βίου πραγματείας κατατριβόμενοι· ἢ δεσμῷ γάμων καὶ παίδων ἐμπεπλεγμένοι· ἤ τισιν ἄλλοις τοιούτοις φροντίσμασιν ἠσχολημένοι. Ταῦτα γὰρ καὶ τοιαῦτα ἐπάγειν καὶ περιέλκειν εἴωθε τοὺς διὰ ταῦτα τὴν χάριν παραιτεῖσθαι τολμῶντας, καὶ τὸν κλήτορα, καὶ τὸ τῆς καινῆς διαθήκης συμπόσιον, καὶ τὴν λογικὴν τροφήν· ὧν ἁπάντων ἐστέρησαν ἑαυτοὺς, κατὰ μὲν τὴν ἀποδοθεῖσαν ἑρμηνείαν, οἱ προτιμήσαντες τῆς οὐρανίου κλήσεως τὰ ἡδέα τοῦ παρόντος βίου, πλοῦτον δηλαδὴ καὶ πραγματείας καὶ γάμον, καὶ διὰ ταῦτα τὴν χάριν παραιτησάμενοι· κατὰ δ' ἑτέραν ἐκδοχὴν οἱ πρῶτοι τῆς κλήσεως ἠξιωμένοι, οὗτοι δ' ἦσαν οἱ ἐκ περιτομῆς, οἳ δὴ προφάσει τῆς περὶ τὸ κρεῖττον ἀσχολίας τὴν κλῆσιν ὕβρισαν. Ὡς γὰρ ἔχοντες ἀγροὺς τὰ παρ' αὐτοῖς ἀμφιλαφῆ ἀναγνώσματα, καὶ ὡς βόας ἀροτῆρας κεκτημένοι τοὺς παρ' αὐτοῖς προφήτας, καὶ ὡς ἂν σοφίᾳ τινὶ οἷα δὴ γυναικὶ συμβιοῦντες, τὴν εὐαγγελικὴν ἐξευτέλισαν χάριν. Ἐπειδὴ δὲ ἦσαν οὕτω παχεῖς τὴν καρδίαν, ἐξυφαίνει παραβολὴν ἀποχρώντως ἔχουσαν εἰς παράδειξιν τῆς ἐπ' αὐτοῖς ἐσομένης οἰκονομίας· πρὸς γὰρ τὸ μακάριος ἔσῃ ἀποβλέπων, καὶ πρὸς τὸ ἀνταποδοθήσεταί σοι ἐν τῇ ἀναστάσει τῶν δικαίων, ὁ συνανακείμενος μακαρίζει τὸν μέλλοντα καταξιοῦσθαι τοῦ ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ ἄρτου. Οὗτος δὲ ἦν ὁ κατ' ἀνταπόδοσιν τῆς εἰς τοὺς πτωχοὺς φιλανθρωπίας, ἐν τῇ ἀναστάσει τῶν δικαίων ἀποδοθησόμενος τῷ μακαριζομένῳ, τῆς ἀναστάσεως καὶ τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ βασιλείας μιᾶς καὶ τῆς αὐτῆς νοουμένης. Πρὸς οὖν τὸν εἰρηκότα, Μακάριος ὅστις φάγεται ἄρτον ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ τοῦ Θεοῦ, τίς ἂν γένοιτο οὗτος ὁ μακάριος, διὰ τῆς παραβολῆς ὁ Σωτὴρ παρίστησιν. Εὐσέβιος ὁ Καισάρειος, Τὸ Κατὰ Λουκαν Ἐπαγγελιον, Ἐκλογή Source: Migne PG 24.577a-d

And all alike they began to excuse themselves...1 They did not come to the rational feast, because they were lovers of pleasure rather than lovers of God. For the wife is a figure for the love of pleasure and the field and the cattle of avarice. Thus He says that many are called to the great feast which is the rational feast of the Divine Scriptures throughout the whole world, but not all are touched by grace, for they turn away from it when they are called and concern themselves with other things. Indeed He teaches that care for the things of the world draws off and drags one away from the calling, and these things are various, for busied with possessions and fields, these things are preferred to the invitation, and so they dare excuse themselves from being called. Or they are worn out by the affairs of life, or wrapped up in the chains of marriage and children, or bound by other similar cares. These things and things like them are accustomed to lead off and drag away and make them venture to turn down grace, and so the invitation, and the feast of the New Testament and the food of reason. All of which they lose, who according to this understanding, prefer the delights of this present life to the Divine calling, certainly wealth and business and marriage, the cause being the rejection of grace. But according to another interpretation those worthy to be the first ones to be invited, that is the people of the circumcison, were those who about their affairs scorned the call to a better seat. For having as fields the wealth of their Scriptures, and as oxen at the plough the prophets, and living with their wisdom as a wife, they scorn the grace of the Gospel. And since they were so dull of heart, they contrive to have this parable as pointing to the future arrangement of rational things. For with those words previously said, 'You shall be blessed,' and 'it shall be returned to you in the resurrection of the righteous,' 2 they see the feaster and name him blessed who shall be worthy to eat bread in the kingdom. But this was about the reward of those who love the poor, who in the resurrection of the righteous shall be given to be so blessed, for the resurrection is understood to be the kingdom of God. Therefore, to the one who had said, 'Blessed is he who eats bread in the kingdom of God,' who this blessed man may be, the Saviour suggests through the parable. 2 and the riches in God, which are a treasure of every good. Eusebius of Caesarea, Commentary On the Gospel of Saint Luke, Fragment 1 Lk 14.18 2 Lk 14.14