Our Own Faults

Manifestissime comprobatur, non semper nobis aliorum vitio commotionum stimulos excitari; sed potius nostro, qui reconditas in nobismetipsis habemus offensionum causas ac seminaria vitiorum; quae, cum mentem nostram tentationum imber alluerit, in germina confestim fructusque prorumpunt. Numquam enim quis alterius vitio lacessitus peccare compellitur, si repositam materiem delictorum in suo corde non habeat. Nec tunc subito quispiam deceptus esse credendus est, cum conspecta mulieris forma in barathrum concupiscentiae turpis inciderit, sed potius occultos ac latentes medullitus morbos occasione visus in superficiem tunc fuisse productos. Ideoque creator omnium Deus opificii sui curationem prae omnibus noscens, et quia non in aliis, sed in nobismetipsis offensionum radices causaeque consisterent, non deserenda praecepit fratrum consortia, nec vitari eos quos laesos a nobis, vel a quibus nos arbitramur offensos, sed deliniri jubet, sciens perfectionem cordis non tam separatione hominum quam patientiae virtute conquiri. Quae firme possessa, sicut potest nos etiam cum his qui oderunt pacem, pacificos conservare; ita si parata non fuerit, ab his quoque qui perfecti ac meliores nobis sunt, facit jugiter dissidere; occasiones enim commotionum, ob quas eos quibus jungimur deserere festinamus, in conversatione humana deesse non poterunt, et idcirco tristitiae causas. Sanctus Ioannes Cassianus, De Coenobiorum Institutis, Liber IX, De Spiritu Tristitiae Source: Migne PL 49.355c-356c

It is quite clearly proved that the pains of disturbances are not always caused in us by the faults of other people, but rather by our own fault, as much as in ourselves we have stored up the causes of offense and the seeds of vices, which at once burst forth into shoots and fruits when a shower of temptation waters our soul. For no one is ever driven to sin by being provoked through another's fault unless he has the fuel of wickedness heaped up in his own heart. Nor should we believe that a man has been suddenly struck when he has looked on a woman and fallen into the abyss of vile lust, but rather that because of the opportunity of looking at her the hidden and lurking sickness has been brought to the surface. And so God, the creator of all things, having care above everything for His own, and because the roots and causes of our falls are found in ourselves and not in others, commands us not to forsake association with our brethren, nor avoid those who we think have been hurt by us, or by whom we have been offended, but He exhorts us to placate them, knowing that perfection of heart is not so much gained by separation from men as by the virtue of patience. With this firmly possessed it can keep us at peace even with those who hate peace, so that if it has not been acquired, it makes us quite different from those who are perfect and better than we are, and brings forth occasions for disturbance, because of which we hurry away from those with whom we are connected, which is not always possible in human life and therefore shall be a cause of dejection. Saint John Cassian, The Institutes of the Coenobia, Book 9, Chapters 5-7, On the Spirit of Dejection

The Beginning Of Perfection

Εἰ καὶ τελείους ἡμᾶς εἶναι ὁ θεῖος βούλεται νόμος, ὁμώνυμε, ἀλλὰ κατὰ ἀνάβασιν καὶ προκοπὴν πρὸςτὴν τελείωσιν φθάσαντας, πρότερον γάλακτι ποτιζομένους, ὡς ἀρτιγένητα βρέφη, καὶ ἐν αὐτῷ εἰς σωτηρίαν αὐξάνοντας. Ἅγιος Ἰσίδωρος Του Πηλουσιώτου, Βιβλίον Πρῶτον, Ἐπιστολὴ ΥΜA' Ἰσιδωρῳ Διακονῳ Source: Migne 78.425a

Even if the Divine law wishes us to be perfect, my namesake, it is necessary that we come to it by ascent and advance, as little infants who are nourished by the drinking of milk and by it grow to salvation. 1 Saint Isidore of Pelusium, Book 1, Letter 441, To Isidore The Deacon 1 1 Pet 2.2

Higher And Higher

Δεῦρο ἀπὸ λιβάνου, νύμφη, δεῦρο ἀπὸ λιβάνου· ἐλεύσῃ καὶ διελεύσῃ ἀπὸ ἀρχῆς πίστεως Tί τοίνυν ἐν τούτοις ὑπενοήσαμεν; ἀεὶ τῶν ἀγαθῶν ἡ πηγὴ πρὸς ἑαυτὴν τοὺς διψῶντας ἐφέλκεται, καθὼς ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ φησὶν ἡ πηγὴ ὅτι Εἴ τις διψᾷ, ἐρχέσθω πρός με καὶ πινέτω· ἐν τούτοις γὰρ οὔτε τῆς δίψης οὔτε τῆς πρὸς αὐτὸν ὁρμῆς οὔτε τῆς ἐν τῷ πίνειν ἀπολαύσεως ἔδωκεν ὅρον, ἀλλὰ τῷ παρατατικῷ τοῦ προστάγματος πρὸς τὸ διηνεκὲς ποιεῖται τὴν προτροπὴν καὶ τοῦ διψῆν καὶ τοῦ πίνειν καὶ τοῦ πρὸς αὐτὸν τὴν ὁρμὴν ἔχειν. Tοῖς δὲ γευσαμένοις ἤδη καὶ τῇ πείρᾳ μαθοῦσιν ὅτι χρηστὸς ὁ Kύριος οἷόν τις προτροπὴ πρὸς τὴν τοῦ πλείονος μετουσίαν ἡ γεῦσις γίνεται. Διὰ τοῦτο οὐδέποτε λείπει τῷ ἀναβαίνοντι ἡ γινομένη πρὸς αὐτὸν προτροπὴ ἡ πάντοτε πρὸς τὸ μεῖζον ἐφελκομένη· ὑπομνησθῶμεν γὰρ τῆς πολλάκις ἐν τοῖς φθάσασιν ἤδη γεγενημένης παρορμήσεως παρὰ τοῦ λόγου τῇ νύμφῃ. Ἐλθέ, ἡ πλησίον μου, λέγει καὶ πάλιν Δεῦρο περιστερά μου, καὶ Δεῦρο σεαυτῇ ἐν σκέπῃ τῆς πέτρας. Kαὶ ἄλλας τοιαύτας φωνὰς προτρεπτικάς τε καὶ ἑλκτικὰς τῆς τῶν μειζόνων ἐπιθυμίας ὁ λόγος πρὸς τὴν ψυχὴν ποιησάμενος καὶ μαρτυρήσας ἤδη τῇ πρὸς αὐτὸν ἀνιούσῃ τὸ διὰ πάντων ἀμώμητον εἰπὼν ὅτι Ὅλη καλὴ εἶ καὶ μῶμος οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν σοί, ὡς ἂν μὴ τῇ μαρτυρίᾳ ταύτῃ ἐγχαυνωθεῖσα πρὸς τὴν τῶν μειζόνων ἄνοδον ἐμποδισθείη, πάλιν διὰ τῆς προτρεπτικῆς ταύτης φωνῆς ἐπὶ τὴν τῶν ὑπερκειμένων ἐπιθυμίαν ἀναβῆναι παρακελεύεται λέγων Δεῦρο ἀπὸ λιβάνου, νύμφη. Tὸ δὲ λεγόμενον τοιοῦτόν ἐστι· καλῶς, φησίν, ἐν τοῖς φθάσασιν ἠκολούθησας, ἦλθες μετ’ ἐμοῦ πρὸς τὸ ὄρος τῆς σμύρνης, συνετάφης γάρ μοι διὰ τοῦ βαπτίσματος εἰς τὸν θάνατον, συνανῆλθές μοι καὶ ἐπὶ τὸν βουνὸν τοῦ λιβάνου, συνανέστης γάρ μοι καὶ ὑψώθης ἐν τῇ τῆς θεότητος κοινωνίᾳ, ἣν ἐνδείκνυται τοῦ λιβάνου τὸ ὄνομα, ἀνάβηθί μοι καὶ ἀπὸ τούτων ἐπὶ ἕτερα ὄρη προκόπτουσά τε καὶ ὑψουμένη διὰ τῆς ἐνεργοῦς γνώσεως, δεῦρο τοίνυν ἀπὸ τοῦ λιβάνου, φησίν, οὐκέτι μνηστὴ ἀλλὰ νύμφη. Oὐ γάρ ἐστι δυνατὸν ἐμοὶ συζῆσαι μὴ ἀλλοιωθέντα διὰ τῆς τοῦ θανάτου σμύρνης πρὸς τὴν τοῦ λιβάνου θεότητα. Ἐπεὶ οὖν ἐν τούτῳ γέγονας ἤδη τῷ ὕψει, μὴ στῆς ἀνιοῦσα ὡς ἤδη διὰ τούτων ἐπιβᾶσα τῆς τελειότητος· ἀρχὴ γάρ σοι πίστεως ὁ λίβανος οὗτος γίνεται, οὗ μετέσχες διὰ τῆς ἀναστάσεως, ἀρχὴ δὲ τῆς ἐπὶ τὰ ὑψηλότερα τῶν ἀγαθῶν πορείας. Ἀπὸ τοίνυν τῆς ἀρχῆς ταύτης, ἥτις ἐστὶν ἡ πίστις, ἐλεύσῃ καὶ διελεύσῃ· τουτέστι καὶ νῦν ἥξεις καὶ εἰς ἀεὶ διερχομένη διὰ τῶν τοιούτων ἀνόδων οὐκ ἀπολήξεις. Ἅγιος Γρηγόριος Νύσσης, Ἐξηγησις Του Αἰσματος Των Ἀσμάτων, Ὁμιλία Hʹ Source: Migne PG 44.941d-944c

Come away from frankincense, O bride, come away from frankincense, come and pass through the beginning of faith. 1 What, then, are we to understand by this? The wellspring of good things always draws the thirsty to itself, as in the Gospel the wellspring says, 'If anyone thirsts, let him come to me and drink,' 2 in which He sets no limit to thirst, or to the urge to come, or to the enjoyment of the drinking, but by the openness of His injunction He proclaims a continuing invitation to both thirsting and drinking and the urge to come. To those who have already tasted and have learned from the experience 'that the Lord is good,' 3 the tasting becomes an invitation to partake of more tasting. Because of this the invitation that is always drawing us to what is greater is never lacking in the one who is travelling upwards. Let us recall what was often said by the Word to the bride earlier, 'Come, my close one,' He says,' and again, 'Come, my dove, and come for yourself … to the shelter of the rock.' 4 Indeed the Word has also addressed other such things, fashioned to exhort the soul and make it desire greater things, and He has already given witness of its flawlessness in everything as it rises to Him, saying, 'You are wholly beautiful and there is no flaw in you.' 5 But lest it become proud by this witness, which would hinder its ascent to greater things, again with a voice of exhortation He calls on it to rise up to a desire which yet lies beyond, 'Come away from frankincense, O bride.' What is being said is something like this, 'You have followed well in what has gone before. You came with me to the mountain of myrrh, for you were buried with me by baptism into death, 6 and you even accompanied me to the hill of frankincense, for you rose with me and were lifted up to communion with the Godhead, which is what the word frankincense indicates, now rise with me from these to other heights, advancing and ascending by the working of knowledge.' 'Come, then, from frankincense,' he says, 'no longer as one betrothed, but as the bride.' For it is not possible to live together with me unless you are transformed by the myrrh of death into the deity of frankincense. Since, then, you have already come to this height, do not pause in your ascent, for you have not reached perfection by these accomplishments. This frankincense, which you have come to share, is the beginning of faith for you through the resurrection, and it is the beginning of a journey toward greater heights of goodness. Come, then, from this beginning which is faith, come and pass over,' that is, 'even now you shall come, and you shall pass forever through such ascents and not cease.' Saint Gregory of Nyssa, Commentary on The Song of Songs, from Homily 8 1 Song 4.8 LXX 2 Jn 7.37 3 Ps 33.9, 1 Pet 2.3 4 Song 2.13-14 5 Song 4.7 6 Rom 6.4

Children And Perfection

Κάκεῖνο, ὅπερ ἔφης, συνήγορον εὑρίσκω τῶν πρώην γραφέντων σοι, μὴ παιδία γίνεσθαι ταῖς φρεσὶν, ἀλλὰ τῇ κακίᾳ νηπιάζειν, ταῖς δὲ φρεσὶ τελειοῦσθαι, τοῦ πανσόφου γράψαντος Παύλου. Οὐ γὰρ ἔστιν, οὐκ ἔστι μὴ ἀποσμήξαντας τὴν κακίαν, καὶ νηπιάσαντας πρὸς ἀγνείαν, ἢ φρεσὶ τελειωθῆναι, ἢ εἰς ἄνδρα τέλειον εργάτην ἀνεπαίσχυντον ἀναβῆναι. Ἅγιος Ἰσίδωρος Του Πηλουσιώτου, Βιβλίον Πρῶτον, Ἐπιστολὴ ΥΜΒ', Ἰσιδωρῳ Διακονῳ Source: Migne 78.425b

That, which as you say, I set down among the things recently written to you, does not mean that we should be like children in our minds, but that we should be childlike in wickedness while perfecting the mind. Unless we are cleansed of all wickedness it is not possible that we shall regain a childlike purity and chastity, so that we might achieve perfection of mind and be lifted up to the blameless work of the perfect man. Saint Isidore of Pelusium, Book 1, Letter 442, To Isidore The Deacon

Out Of Egypt

Et non dixerunt, Ubi est Dominus qui ascendere nos fecit de terra Aegypti: qui transduxit nos per desertum, per terram inhabitabilem et inviam: per terram sitis et imaginem mortis, per terram in qua non ambulavit vir, neque habitabit homo. Pro homine, LXX filium hominis interpretati sunt; et pro imagine mortis, de Theodotione additum est, umbra mortis. Quod cum iuxta historiam manifestum sit, illud considerandum est secundum anagogen, quod quamdiu in isto saeculo sumus, et de Aegypto educimur, paulatim ascendimus, et primum deserta transimus et terram inhabitabilem, quam sanctus inhabitare non debet, et inviam, ut difficultatem monstret itineris. Per terram sitis, ubi semper maiora cupimus, nec praesentibus contenti sumus; et imaginem, sive umbram mortis: semper enim in periculo consistimus, et ubique diabolus tendit laqueos suos: per terram, in qua non ambulavit vir, qui perfectae aetatis in Christo est. Omnes enim resurgemus in virum perfectum, in mensuram aetatis plenitudinis Christi. Neque unquam in ea habitat qui homo Dei est, vel filius hominis; sed semper ad maiora festinat. Ex quo perspicuum est, non esse perfectionem in via: sed in fine viae et in mansione, quae sanctis in coelestibus praeparatur, et quibus dicitur: Qui statis in domo Domini, in atriis domus Dei nostri. Frustra igitur nova ex veteri haeresis suspicatur, hic perfectam esse victoriam, ubi pugna est atque certamen, et incertus exitus futurorum. Sanctus Hieronymus, Commentariorum In Jeremiam Prophetam, Liber I Caput II Source Migne PL 24.715b-716a

And they did not say, 'Where is the Lord who brought us up from the land of Egypt, who led us through the wilderness, through a land uninhabitable and impassable, through a land of thirst and the image of death, through a land where a man does not walk and no one dwells.' 1 Instead of 'man' the Septuagint translates 'son of man,' and in the place of 'image of death' Theodotion's translation has 'shadow of death.' Since the history is clear, this should be considered according to anagoge. While we are in this world we are being led out of Egypt, and we go up by degrees. First we pass through the wilderness and the uninhabitable land, where a holy man should not dwell. Then it says the 'impassable land', to show the difficultly of the way. 'A land of thirst' is where we always desire more and are never content with present things. Then the image or shadow of death means we always stand in danger, and the devil sets his snares everywhere. 'Through a land where man does not walk' is the man who has obtained perfect stature, since we all will rise up to 'mature manhood, to the measure of the stature of the fullness of Christ.' 2 The man of God and the son of man, never dwelt in these places but always hurried to greater things. From this it is obvious that one does not reach perfection while on the way, but at the end of it and in the mansion prepared in heaven for the saints, about which it is said, 'You who stand in the house of the Lord, in the courts of the house of our God.' 3 In vain, therefore, does a heresy, a new one that has come from an old one, suppose that the victory of perfection happens here, 4 when the future is combat, struggles, and an uncertain end. Saint Jerome, from the Commentary on Jeremiah, Book 1, Chapter 2 1 Jerem 2.6 2 Ephes 4.14 3 Jn 14.2, Ps 135.2 4 Pelagianism

Perfect Joy

Ἐξομολογήσομαί σοι, Κύριε, ἐν ὅλῃ καρ δίᾳ μου, διηγήσομαι πάντα τὰ θαυμάσιά σου. Εὐφρανθήσομαι καὶ ἀγαλλιάσομαι ἐν σοί· ψαλῶ τῷ ὀνόματί σου, Ὕψιστε. Τῶν τελείων ἴδιον τὸ πᾶσαν ἀνατιθέναι τῷ Θεῷ τὴν καρδίαν, καὶ πᾶσαν αὐτῷ καθιεροῦν τὴν διάνοιαν. Ἀγαπήσεις γὰρ, φησὶ, Κύριον τὸν Θεόν σου ἐξ ὅλης τῆς καρδίας σου, καὶ ἐξ ὅλης τῆς ψυχῆς σου, καὶ ἐξ ὅλης τῆς ἰσχύος σου, καὶ ἐξ ὅλης τῆς διανοίας σου. Ὁ δὲ μερίζων τοὺς λογισμοὺς εἰς μαμωνᾶν καὶ Θεὸν, εἰς Χριστὸν καὶ χρυσὸν, εἰς τὸν παρόντα καὶ τὸν μέλ λοντα βίον, οὐ δύναται ἀληθεύων λέγειν· Ἐξομολογήσομαί σοι, Κύριε, ἐν ὅλῃ καρδίᾳ μου. Ὁ δὲ προφήτης πνευματικοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς τὰ ἐσόμενα προ ϊδὼν, οὐκ ἐξομολογεῖται μόνον ἐν ὅλῃ καρδίᾳ, ἀλλὰ καὶ διηγεῖται αὐτοῦ πάντα τὰ θαυμάσια, κοινωνοὺς τοὺς ἀκούοντας τῆς ὑμνῳδίας ποιούμενος, καὶ βου λόμενος μόνον τὸν εὐεργέτην ὑμνεῖν· καὶ θυμη δίας ἀφορμὴν οὐ πλοῦτον ἔχειν καὶ δυναστείαν, οὐδὲ ὑγίειαν καὶ σώματος εὐεξίαν, ἀλλὰ τοῦ Θεοῦ τὴν μνήμην. Εὐφρανθήσομαι γὰρ, φησὶ, καὶ ἀγαλλιάσομαι ἐν σοί. Οὕτω καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ· Ἐμνήσθην τοῦ Θεοῦ, καὶ ηὐφράνθην. Καὶ ἑτέρωθι, Εὐφράνθητε ἐπὶ Κύριον, καὶ ἀγαλλιᾶσθε δίκαιοι. Καὶ πάλιν· Εὐφρανθήτω καρδία ζητούντων τὸν Κύριον. Θεοδώρητος Ἐπίσκοπος Κύρρος, Ἑρμηνεία εἰς Τους Ψαλμούς, Ψαλμός Θ’ Source: Migne PG 80.921a-b

I shall confess to you, O Lord, with my whole heart, I shall speak of all your wonders. I shall rejoice and I shall exult in you, I shall sing to your name, O most High. 1 It is the property of perfect men to dedicate the whole heart to God and consecrate all the mind to Him: 'Love the Lord your God,' it is said, 'with your whole heart, and with your whole soul, and with all your strength, and with all your mind.' 2 He who mixes thoughts of mammon and God, and Christ and gold, and this present life and the future life, he cannot truly say: 'I confess to you, O Lord, with my whole heart.' But foreseeing the future with spiritual eyes, the prophet not only confesses in his heart, but indeed speaks of all His wonders, making those who hear participants in the singing of the hymn, and wishing only the creator of blessings to be sung and to be the cause of joy, not wealth or power, or health, or the customary goods of the body, but only the contemplation of God. 'I shall rejoice,' he says, 'and I shall exult in you.' So elsewhere it is said, 'I was mindful of God and I was joyful.' And again, 'Rejoice in the Lord and exult, you righteous ones.' And again, 'Let the hearts of those who seek the Lord rejoice.' 3 Theodoret of Cyrrhus, Commentary on the Psalms, from Psalm 9 1 Ps 9.2 2 Deut 6.5, Mt 22.37 3 Ps 76.3, Ps 21.11, Ps 104.3

Perfection And Knowledge

Ut ultra non simus parvuli fluctantes... Cum enim non sumus perfecti, parvuli sumus: et cum parvuli eramus, fluctuabamus: cum autem fide confirmamur, non fluctamus. Cum cognoscimus Christum, viri efficimur. Et jam non parvuli circumferamur, omni vento doctrinae, in nequitia hominum, in astutia, ad remedium erroris. Cum enim perfecti non sumus, et in fide labimur et vacillamus et multa nos perturbant; cum per doctrinas plurimas discurrentes, vento intelligendi vario agitamur. Quae doctrina, nequitia est hominum et calliditas et astutia, et quasi quaedam remedia erroris; ut quod sentis, quasi quorumdam sapientium sensu et intelligentia sentire credas; et sit erroris tui remedium intellectus alienus. Quae omnia dimittenda sunt, ut his duabus rebus refecti simus, et virum compleamus, fide scilicet et agnitione Christi. Denique haec veluti duo scilicet fides Christi, id est in Christum, et agnitio Christi, beatum faciunt: qui vir beatus non fluctuat, non circumfertur doctrina, in nequitia hominum. Haec ita tetigit beatus propheta Davd in eodem primo psalmo: nam beatus, inquit, vir: quem nos dicimus fieri fide et Christi cognitione; qui nescit doctrinas, nescit nequitiam et errores: quos errores doctrinasque sic enumerat David dicendo: qui non abiit in consilio impiorum, et in via peccatorum non stetit, et in cathedra pestilentiae non sedit. In cathedra pestilentiae sedere, est docere haereticas disciplinas: abire in consilium impiorum, est in nequitia hominum versari: stare in via peccatorum, est in astutia versari ad remedium erroris. Victorinus Afrus, In Epistolam Pauli ad Ephesios, Liber Secundus, Cap IV Source: Migne PL 8.1276b-1277a

So that we are no longer children, thrown about...' 1 We are children when we are not perfect, and when we were children we were thrown about here and there, but when we are confirmed in the faith we are not thrown about. We are made men when we know Christ, and now not children 'carried away by every wind of teaching in the wickedness of men, in cleverness,' 1 it is the cure for error. For when we are not perfect, we stumble and and we waver even in the faith and many things trouble us, and rushing about among many teachings we are disturbed by the shifting winds of understanding, which teachings are from the wickedness of men and their cleverness and cunning, as if they were a sure cure of error, so that you think you know through the sense and understanding of such wise fellows, and that such estranged minds are a cure for confusion. Which must be utterly dismissed so that we may be renewed and attain maturity by these two things, faith and the knowledge of Christ. Finally, the faith of Christ is as if twofold, that is, what makes one blessed is to be in Christ and to have knowledge of Christ. He who is a blessed man is not thrown about, nor is he whirled about by teachings amid the wickedness of men. The prophet David has touched on this in the first Psalm. 'Blessed is the man,' he says, the man whom we say has the faith and knowledge of Christ, who does not know the mentioned teachings, nor wickedness and error. Which errors and teachings David enumerates, saying, 'He who has not gone off into the counsel of the wicked, and has not stood in the way of sinners, and has not sat in the chair of pestilence.' 2 To sit in the chair of pestilence is to teach heresy. To go off into the counsel of the impious is to be embroiled in the wickedness of men. To stand in the way of sinners is to be striving amid cleverness as a cure for error. Victorinus Afrus, On the Letter of Saint Paul to the Ephesians, Book Two, Chapter Four 1 Ephes 4.14 2 Ps 1.1

Adversity And Wisdom

Quid est quod dicit: Calumnia conturbat sapientem, et perdit robur cordis ejus? Qui enim vere sapiens est, nulla turbatur calumnia, nec dejicitur adversitate. Sapiens in hoc loco non ille intelligens est qui perfectus et consummatus est in sapientia, sed qui jam coepit abere sapientiam, et tamen non est perfectus. Talem sapientiam calumnia hominum sive adversitas aliqua facile conturbat, et perdit vigorem ac fortiudinem animae illius quia, cum patienter non sustinet adversa, vexatur impatientia. Honorius Augustodunensis, Quaestiones Et Ad Easdem Responsiones In Duos Salomonis Libros, In Ecclesiasten, Caput VII Source: Migne PL 172.341c

Why is it that he says, 'Calumny troubles a wise man and drains the strength of his heart'? 1 Since he who is truly wise is not troubled by calumny, nor is he dejected by adversity. The wise man in this passage should not be understood as one who is perfect and flawless in wisdom, but as he who has just begun to acquire wisdom and is not yet perfect. Such wisdom is easily troubled by the calumny of men and adversity, and it drains the vigour and fortitude of that soul, because when the soul cannot patiently endure adverse things, it is distressed with impatience. Honorius of Autun, Questions and Answers on Two Books of Solomon, On Ecclesiastes, Chapter 7 1 Eccl 7.8

Other Baptisms

Et forte si quis existimet sibi in Sacramento baptismi perfectam illam innocentiae, et coelesti vita dignam redditam puritatem; Joannem Baptistam dixisse recolat, Ego quidem baptizo vos in aqua poenitentiae; qui autem post me venit, fortior me est: ipse vos baptizabit Spiritu sancto, et igni: ipsum autem Dominum baptizatum a Johanne cum adhuc esset in corpore meminerit locutum, Adhuc habeo alio baptismo baptizari. Est ergo, quantum licet existimare, perfectae illius emundatio puritatis etiam post baptismi aquas reposita: quae nos sancti Spiritus sanctificet adventu, quae judicii igni nos decoquat, quae per mortis injuriam a labe morticinae et societate purgabit, quae martyrii passione devota ac fideli sanguine abluet. Sanctus Hilarius Pictaviensis, Tractatus super Psalmos, Tractatus in Psalmum CXVIII Source: Migne PL 9.519a-b

And if perhaps someone judges himself to have a perfection of innocence and a purity worthy of the heavenly life by baptism, let him recall what John the Baptist said, 'I baptise you with water for repentance, but he who comes after me is greater than me, who will baptise you with the Holy Spirit and fire.' 1 And the Lord Himself, having been baptised by John, when yet He was in the body, recalled what was spoken, 'I yet have another baptism to baptise.' 2 It is therefore eminently possible to think that a cleansing for perfect purity awaits after the waters of baptism, when we are sanctified by the coming of the Holy Spirit, who with the fire of judgement refines us so that we are purged of the wound of death and association with the fatal fall, which the passion of the martyr washes clean with devout and faithful blood. Saint Hilary of Poitiers, Homilies on the Psalms, from Psalm 118 1 Mt 3.11 2 Lk 12.50

Death And Judgement And Perfection

Εἴπε πάλιν· Μέμνησο διαπαντὸς τῆς ἐξόδου σου, καὶ μὴ ἐπιλάθῃ κρίσεως αἰωνίου· καὶ οὐκ ἔσται πλημμέλεια ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ σου. Ἀποφθέγματα Των Ἁγίων Γερόντων, Παλλάδιος Γαλατίας Source: Migne PG 65.173d

Again Father Evagrius said: 'Always be mindful of your death and do not forget eternal judgement, and there will be no defect in your soul' Sayings of the Desert Fathers, Palladius of Galatia

Blessedness Perfected

Beati qui esuriunt et sitiunt justitiam.... Sed quid facimus de eo, quod non ait, quaerunt, sed esurient justitiam, nisi ut intelligamus id esse justitiam animae, quod cibum et potum carni? Ipsa viaticum in itinere, juxta quod ex parte est: ipsa coena in patria, ubi perfecta est, ipsa lac parvulis, ipsa esca viris. Unde illa Prophetae exsecratio: Sicut ablactatus super matre sua, ita retribues in animam meam. Beati ergo qui esuriunt et sitiunt justitiam, quoniam ipsi saturabuntur. Tunc plena beatitas, qunado plena satietas; tunc plena plene satiabor, qui nunc in parte ex parte fruor. Nunc ad medicinam, tunc ad delectationem: nunc ad disciplinam, quae in praesenti videtur habere aliquid difficultatis moeroris, tunc ad gloriam, quando exercitatis per eam pacatissimum feret fructum of ipsius justitiae; ut hic quasi quidam flos justitiae sive omnis virtutis appareat, ibi plenitudo fructus carpatur. Sic sic ab inchoatione per profectum ad perfectum justitiae dirigendi sunt, qui in virtute beatitudinem quaerunt: cujus inchoatio quidem continet, nemini injuriam facere, profectus illatam patienter ferre, perfectio omnibus benefacere, si potest, si minus, velle. Isaac, Cisterciensis Abbas, Sermo III, In Festo Omnium Sanctorum Source: Migne PL 194.1698d-1699a

Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness... 1 But what are we to make of this, that He does not say 'seek' but 'hunger' for righteousness, unless we understand that righteousness to the soul is as food and drink to the flesh? This is the food supplied on the way, according to which it is but partial, and then this is the feast in the fatherland, where it is perfected. This is milk for the babe, and then this is solid food for the man. 2 Whence the outburst of the Prophet, 'Like a weaned boy over his mother, thus you shall return it to my soul.' 3 Blessed, therefore, are those who hunger and thirst, for they shall be satisfied. Then blessedness is complete when there is full satisfaction. Then indeed I shall be fully satisfied with what I now enjoy in part. Now is the medicine, then the joy. Now is discipline, which in the present can seem so difficult and grievous, then the glory, when by exertion in discipline it bears the most peaceful fruit of righteousness. 4 Thus as there may appear here a certain bloom of righteousness, or of any virtue, so there the fullness of the fruit shall be plucked. Thus they who seek blessedness in virtue are directed from the beginning on through improvement to the perfection of righteousness, which beginning certainly consists of doing no harm to anyone, and whose advance is that we should suffer injury patiently, and whose perfection is the wish to do good to everyone, insofar as it is possible, even if little. Isaac of Stella, from Sermon 3 On The Feast Of All Saints 1 Mt 5.6 2 1 Cor 3.1-2 3 Ps 130.2 4 Heb 12.11

Perfect Prayer

Οὐκ ἔστι προσευχὴ τελεία προσευχὴχωρὶς νοητῆς ἐπικλήσεως· ἀπερισπάστως δὲ βοώσης ἐννοίας ἐπακούει ὁ Κύριος. Ἅγιος Μάρκος ὁ Ἐρημίτης, Περὶ Τῶν Οἰομένων Ἐξ Ἔργων Δικαιοῦσθαι Source: Migne PG 65.936b

There is no perfect prayer without the crying out of the soul, for the Lord attends to the cry of the soul. Saint Mark The Ascetic, On Those Who Think Themselves Justified By Works

Encouraging Confessors

Cyprianus Rogatiano presbytero et caeteris confessoribus fratribus salutem. Et jampridem vobis, fratres charissimi ac fortissimi, litteras miseram, quibus fidei et virtuti vestrae verbis exultantibus gratularer, et nunc non aliud in primis vox nostra complectitur quam ut laeto animo frequenter ac semper gloriam vestri nominis praedicemus. Quid enim vel majus in votis meis potest esse vel melius quam cum video confessionis vestrae honore luminatum gregem Christi? Nam, cum gaudere in hoc omnes fratres oporteat, tum in gaudio communi major est episcopi portio: Ecclesiae enim gloria praepositi gloria est. Quantum dolemus ex illis quos tempestas inimica prostravit, tantum laetamur ex vobis, quos diabolus superare non potuit. Hortamur tamen per communem fidem, per pectoris nostri veram circa vos et simplicem charitatem, ut, qui adversarium prima hac congressione vicistis, gloriam vestram forti et perseveranti virtute teneatis. Adhuc in saeculo sumus, adhuc in acie constituti, de vita nostra quotidie dimicamus. Danda opera est ut post haec initia ad incrementa quoque veniatur, et consummetur in vobis quod jam rudimentis felicibus esse coepistis. Parum est adipisci aliquid potuisse; plus est quod adeptus es posse servare; sicut et fides ipsa et nativitas salutaris, non accepta, sed custodia, vivificat. Nec statim consecutio, sed consummatio hominem Deo servat. Dominus hoc magisterio suo docuit dicens: Ecce sanus factus es, jam noli peccare, ne quid tibi deterius fiat. Puta hoc illum et confessori suo dicere: Ecce confessor factus es, jam noli peccare, ne quid tibi deterius fiat. Salomon denique et Saul et caeteri multi, quamdiu in viis Domini ambulaverunt, datam sibi gratiam tenere potuerunt. Recedente ab iis disciplina Dominica, recessit et gratia. Sanctus Cyprianus, Epistula VI, Ad Rogantium Presbyterum Et Caeteros Confessors Source: Migne PL 3.235a-236b

Cyprian to the presbyter Rogatianus, and to the other confessors, his brethren, greetings. I had before, most beloved and bravest brethren, sent you a letter in which I congratulated your faith and virtue with words of exultation, and now, first of all, our voice has no other care than to announce the glory of your name repeatedly and always with a joyful mind. For what can I wish for in my prayers that would be greater or better than I might see the flock of Christ enlightened by the honour of your confession? For though all the brethren should rejoice in this, yet the share of the bishop is the greatest in the common gladness. For the glory of the Church is the glory of him who who presides. As much as we lament over those who have been thrown down by a hostile storm, to the same degree we rejoice over you whom the devil has not been able to overcome. However we exhort you by our common faith, by the true and simple love in our heart for you, that having overcome the adversary in this first encounter, you should cling to your glory with a brave and persevering virtue. We are still in the world, we are yet placed in the battleline, we fight daily for our lives. We should give ourselves to the task so that after such a beginning there should also come about an increase, and thus that what you have begun to be with such a blessed commencement should be perfected in you. It is a little thing to have been able to obtain something, it is much more that you are able to keep what you have obtained, even as faith itself and saving birth gives life not simply by being received, but by being preserved. It is not the instant of attainment, but the perfecting, that guards a man for God. The Lord taught this in His instruction when He said, 'Behold, you are made well. Sin no more, lest something worse befall you.' 1 Think of Him as saying something like this to His confessor, 'Behold, you are made a confessor. Sin no more, lest something worse come upon you.' So Solomon, and Saul, and many others, as long as they walked in the Lord's ways, were able to keep the grace given to them. When they abandoned the discipline of the Lord, grace abandoned them. Saint Cyprian of Carthage, from Letter 6, to Rogantius the Priest and other Confessors 1 Jn 5.14

Sons And The Father

Ut sitis filii Patris vestri... In quo enim alio cognoscetur quia filli summus Dei, nisi fuerimus similes Deo? Filii enim carnales frequenter similantur carnalibus patribus, in facie, aut in loquela, aut in risu, aut in aliquo corporis signo: filii autem spirituales in sanctitate. Et illi quidem etsi similes fuerint, laudem nullam merentur, et si dissimiles, nullam vituperationem, quia non est in potestate hominis qualem accipiat corporis qualitatem. Filii autem Dei, siquidem similes fuerint, laudandi sunt: si autem dissimiles, nimis vituperandi, quia in potestate unius ujusque est mensura faciendae justitiae. Si diligits eos, qui vos diligunt, quam mercedem habebitis? Qui amicos diligit, propter se diligit, non propter Deum, et ideo nullam habet mercedem: delectat enim eum ipsa dilectio. Qui autem inimicum suum diligit, non propter se diligit, sed propter Deum: ideo magnam habet mercedem, quia contradicit motibus suis. Ubi enim labour seminatur, illic metitiur fructus. Estote ergo perfecti, sicut et Pater vester perfectus est. Qui diligit amicum, peccatum quidem non facit, justitiam autem non operatur. Dimidium enim bonum est, hominem discedere a malo, et non sequi bonum: perfectum est autem, ut non solum fugiat malum, sed etiam faciat bonum. Ideo dicit, Perfecti estote, ut et amicos diligatis propter peccatum vitandum, et inimicos propter justitiam habendam: quoniam illud de poena liberat, hoc autem ducit in gloriam: nec enim est perfecta Dei imago, quae non per opera similat Deum. Opus Imperfectum in Matthaeum, Homilia XIII Source: Migne PG 56.703

That you may be sons of your Father... 1 For in what else shall it be known that we are sons of God unless we shall be like God? Carnal sons are often similar to carnal fathers, in face, in speech, in the way they smile, or in some other feature of the body, but spiritual sons are alike in holiness. And even if the former are similar, it merits no praise, and if they are dissimilar it earns no reproof, because it is not in the power of a man to take up some corporeal quality. But the sons of God, as much as they are similar so they are praiseworthy, and if they are dissimilar so they deserve to be blamed, because it is in the power of each one by the measure of righteous deeds. If you love those who love you, what reward shall you have? He who loves his friends, loves them for himself, and therefore he has no reward, for he delights in that affection. But he who loves his enemy, does not love for himself, but for God, and therefore he has a great reward, because he disputes his own inclinations. Where there is toil, there the fruit is reaped. Be perfect as your Father is perfect. He who loves a friend certainly does not commit a sin, but he does not work righteousness. It is only half a good to cut a man off from evil, and not to follow it with what is good. But he is perfect who not only flees sin, but even does good. Therefore He says, 'Be perfect'  so that you might love friends on account of the avoidance of sin, and love enemies for the possession of righteousness, since the former delivers from punishment and the latter leads to glory. There is no perfect image of God which is not made like God through deeds. Opus Imperfectum on Matthew, from Homily 13 1 Mt 5.48

The Father And Perfection

Estote ergo vos perfecti, sicut Pater vester coelestis perfectus est. Ecce ad quod culmen Christus suos provehit, et quam perfectos eos esse debere in charitate denuntiat. Unde, si volumus esse filii, perfectionem sectemur charitatis, quia praecepta custodiendo erimus filii, non natura quidem, sed gratia, per quam in nostro positum videtur arbitrio ut filii maneamus. Ad quod fortassis dicat aliquis: Quomodo mortalis nostrum quispiam tam perfectus poterit esse, sicuti Deus Pater perfectus est, praesertim cum nunquam in eodem statu subsistat? Interea, quisquis hoc requirit, sciat quod non aliud est similem Deo Patri fieri, quam per charitatem, quae diffussa est in cordibus nostris, eamdem similitudinem, in qua creatus est primus homo, ad melius reparari. Quod nemo fidelium negat; nam ad imaginem et similitudinem totius Trinitatis factus est. Idcirco quid mirum si renovatur admodum, ut sit perfectus, sicut Deus perfectus esse dicitur, cui et olim perfectio imaginis ac similitduinis attributa fuit? Sed quia subtilius hanc similitudinem perfectionis quidem requirentes, nescio quam caliginem impederunt, saltem ne ad quod facti sunt remearent**, libeat paulo latius initimare etiam quid philosophi de hoc loquendi genere senserunt. Nam omne quod simile est, per quod quisque alteri similis efficitur, duobus modis consideratur; aut quadam habitudine formarum, aut natura rerum. His quidem duabus partibus omnis similitduo contemplatur. Age nunc quam harum elegeris partem, in qua per similitudinem Dei Patris perfectionem habere queas. Si autem secundum habitudinem formarum pefectus esse elegeris, scias quod in eo nulla habitudo est, nisi quod ipse est; ipse enim illa forma est ex qua omnia formantur. Si vero juxta naturam te similitudinem perfectionis habere dixeris, occurrit illico, quod non alia natura est. Ac per hoc erigendus est interior homo noster, ut quod ille habet per essentiam, nos incipiamus habere per adoptionis gratiam. Ut, sicut relative ad nos ille per adoptionem, qua nos adoptavit sibi filios, Pater noster dicitur, ita et nos per eamdem similitudinem qua sumus filii adoptionis, relative in illa perfecti maneamus. Alioquin quomodo is perfectus dicitur, qui nunquam factus, nunquam initium aut consummationem habere creditur? Perfectus autem Deus, non proprio verbo, sed sicut multis in locis pro nostra infirmitate dicitur, ut per hoc integere Deus bonus et summus praedicetur. Homo vero non esse realiter, sed per gratiam perfectus invenitur; qui si Deo comparatur, quid in eo perfectum erit? Nemo bonus, nisi solus Deus. Quod si nemo bonus, quis nostrum in bonitate perfectus erit? Unde constant quod haec similitudo non pro toto, sed pro parte accipitur. Si autem homo in toto per Deo, vel similis foret, utique Deus esset. Nunc autem quia iuxta quantitatem vel qualitatem deitatis, nihil ei par aut simile esse potest, restat ut pro parte capacitatis suae homo aut angelus perfectus esse dicatur. Non tamen aliunde quam ex ipsa imagine vel similitudine Dei, ad quam factur legitur. Tanto enim perfectior quisque, quanto similior erit. Similis autem vel perfectus, non ex proprietate sui, sed ex gratia diviniae largitatis, et virtutum integritate. Ut, quod Deus habet per naturam, homo incipiat habere per adoptionem, ex participatione bonitatis Dei. Ac per hoc recte quisque perfectus, sicut Deus Pater dicitur, dum integritatem virtutum, et adoptionis donum, quantum per gratiam asseuqi potest, participat. Ut, sicut ille ex sese perfectus dicitur in natura deitatis, ita nos ex eo perfecti dicamur pro parte, in gratia sanctae adoptionis. Sanctus Paschasius Radbertus Corbeiensis, Expositio In Evangelium Matthaei, Lib III Cap V Source: Migne PL 120.266a-267b

Therefore be perfect, as your Father in heaven is perfect. 1 Behold, to what height Christ lifts up His own, even announcing that they should be perfect in love. Whence, if we wish to be sons, we should pursue the perfection of love, because in the keeping of His commandments we are sons, not indeed by nature, but by grace, which with it placed in our wills let us remain sons. To which someone will perhaps say: 'How can any of us mortal creatures be perfect, even as God the Father is perfect, when certainly it is not possible that a man may ever exist in that same state?' Why, he who asks this, let him know that to become like God the Father, is nothing but through love, which is diffused in our hearts, to better restore that same image in which the first man was created. Which none of the faithful deny, for as an image and likeness of the whole Trinity he was made. Therefore why is it such a wonder if a man should be renewed so, in order that he might be perfect, as God is said to be perfect, to whom it is attributed that he was once the perfect image and likeness? 2 But because some need more exactitude regarding this likeness of perfection, though I know not what darkness impedes them from going back to what they were made, it is possible to hint a little more broadly about what the wise think about this of which we speak. For everything which is similar, being made so by being similar to another, should be considered so in two ways, either by the appearance of forms, or by the nature of things. By these two all likeness is observed. So now choose one of these by which you will be able to have a likeness to the perfection of God the Father. If you choose to be perfect according to the appearance of form, know that there is no appearance but only what He Himself is, for He is that form from which all things are formed. If however you said that you will choose the likeness of perfection according to nature, it happens there that there is no other nature. And by this our interior man is raised up, so that what God has in essence we begin to have through the adoption of grace. And as He is related to us by adoption, since He has adopted us as His sons and He is called our Father, so we through that same likeness by which we are sons of adoption shall remain in that relation of perfection. Besides how is He named perfect who was never made and is thought to have neither beginning nor end? For God is perfect not in a particular sense, but as it is said in many places for our infirmity, that through this shall be preached the wholly good and flawless God. Man however is not truly perfect, but it is found that he is perfected through grace; for when compared to God, what is perfect in man? 'No one is good but God alone.' 3 And if none of us are good, which one of us shall be perfect in goodness? Whence it holds this likeness is not total, but it is understood as something partial. For if man were totally equal to God, or totally similar, so he would be God. But now because nothing in man is similar according to the quantity or quality of the Deity, what remains is that in a part, according to his capacity, a man or an angel is said to be perfect. But not in any other way than the image or likeness of God, to which it is said man was made. Whoever shall be more perfect, shall be more similar. But this similarity or perfection is not from ourselves, but from the largess of Divine grace, and the wholeness of virtue. Thus what God has by nature, man begins to have by adoption, from participation in the godness of God. Rightly because of this is anyone perfect, as God the Father is said to be, while as much as by grace he is able to attain to it, he participates in the wholeness of virtue and the gift of adoption. Thus, as He in Himself because of the nature of the Deity is said to be perfect, thus we shall be said to be perfect partially, in the grace of holy adoption. Saint Paschasius Radbertus, Commentary On The Gospel of Saint Matthew, Book 3, Chapter 5 1 Mt 5.48 2 Gen 1.27 3 Mk 10.18

Two Perfections Of Love

Duobus modis charitas perfecta dicitur: constantia et devotione. Constantia perfecta charitas, quando fortis est ad omnia adversa toleranda; devotione perfecta est, quando plene succensa est ad ea quae recta sunt appetenda. Constantia perfecta est, quando sic viget ut non possit superari: devotione perfecta est, quando sic ardet ut amplius non debeat inflammari. Prima perfectio aliquando huic vitae conceditur; secunda vero ad futuram reservatur. Constantia in Petro, ardor in Joanne. Constanti dicitur: Confirma fratres tuos; tenero: Sic eum volo manere, donc veniam. Hugo De Sancte Victore, Miscellanea, Liber I, Tit CLVI De Duplici Perfectione Charitatis Source: Migne PL 177.556a-b

Love is said to be perfected in two ways, by constancy and by devotion. Constancy is perfect love when it is strong in the endurance of every adversity. Devotion is perfect when it is wholly enflamed with the desire for the things which are right. Constancy is perfect when it so vigorous that it cannot be overcome, devotion is perfect when it is ardent for nothing but that for which it should be enflamed. The first perfection is sometimes allowed in this life, but the second perfection is reserved for the future life. There is constancy in Peter, ardor in John. It is said of constancy: 'Strengthen your brothers.' 1 It is said of devotion: 'So I wish him to remain until I come.' 2 Hugh Of Saint Victor, Miscellanea, Book 1, Chap 156, On The Twofold Perfection Of Love 1 Lk 22.32 2 Jn 21.22

Differing Perfections

Justus atque perfectus fuit... Si nullus sine peccato vivere potest, quomodo Noe justus et perfectus fuisse dicitur? Sancti Dei perfecti sunt secundum aliquem suum modum, non autem ita sunt perfecti sicut perficiendi sunt. Unde et recte dicitur: in generationibus suis. In praesenti enim vita pro modo suo juvante Dei gratia perfecti esse possunt. In illa enim beata vita, in qua nec velle ne posse peccati eis suberit, longer aliter perfecti erunt. Remigius Antissiodorensis, Commentarius In Genesim, Caput VI Source: Migne PL 131.74b

He was righteous and perfect... 1 If there is no one who lives without sin, 2 how it is said that Noah was righteous and perfect? The holy ones of God are perfect according to their own way, but they are not perfect as they shall be perfected. Whence it is rightly then said, 'in his generation.' For in the present life, in their own way, with the help of the grace of God, they are able to be perfect. But in that blessed life, in which no wish nor capability for sin shall be theirs, they shall be far otherwise perfect. Remigius of Auxerre, Commentary On Genesis, Chapter 6 1 Genesis 6.9 2 cf Eccles 7.20, Rom 3.23, 1 Jn 1.8

The End And Perfection

Certe qui in cursu est, et in via graditur, minor est eo qui pervenit ad finem. Si ergo immaculatus est ille atque perfectus, qui adhuc ambulat in via, et graditur in lege, quid plus habebit ille, qui ad terminum viae legisque pervenit? Unde et Apostolus de Domino loquitur, quod in fine mundi, et in consummatione virtutum exhibeat sibi sanctam Ecclesiam, non habentem macula, neque rugam, quam vos putatis jam in ista carne mortali et corruptibili esse perfectam, et audire meremini cum Corinthiis: Jam perfecti estis, jam divites facti estis, sine nobis regnatis, atque utinam regnaretis, ut et nos regnaremus vobiscum: cum vera et absque omni sorde perfectio in coelestibus reservetur, quando sponsus loquetur ad sponsam: Tota pulchra es, anima mea, et macula non est in te. Juxta quod et illud intelligitur: Ut sitis irreprehensibiles et simplices sicut filii Dei immaculati: quod non dixerit estis, sed sitis, in futuram differens, non in praesenti esse contestans, ut hic labour sit aque contentio, ibi laboris virtutisque praemia. Denqiue Joannes scribit: Dilectissimi, filii Dei sumus, et nondum apparuit quid erimus. Scimus, quia cum apparuerit, similes ei erimus, quoniam eum videbimus sicuti est. Quamquam ergo filii Dei simus, tamen similitudo Dei, et vera contemplatio, tunc nobis repromittitur, quando apparuerit in claritate sua. Sanctus Hieronymous, Dialogus Adversus Pelagianos, Liber III Source: Migne PL 23.583a-c

Surely he who is on the course and advancing on the way is inferior to him who has reached the end. If, then, he is unspotted and perfect who is yet walking in the way and advancing in the law, what more shall he have who has come to the end of life and of the law? Whence the Apostle, speaking of our Lord, says that at the end of the world, in the consummation of the virtues, He will present His holy Church to Himself without spot or wrinkle, 1 which you think is perfect now in this mortal flesh and corruption, you who merit to be hear with the Corinthians, 'Already you are perfect, already you have been made rich, you reign without us, and that you did reign, that we might also reign with you,' 2 since true and pure perfection is reserved for those in heaven, when the groom shall say to the bride, 'You are all fair, my soul, and there is no spot in you.' 3 In this sense it it is understood: 'That you may be blameless and harmless, as children of God, without blemish.' 4 For He did not say you are, but may be, making a distinction for the future, not arguing it for the present. So here is toil and effort and there are the rewards of labour and virtue. Lastly, John writes, 'Beloved, we are sons of God, and it is not yet made manifest what we shall be. We know that when He shall appear, we shall be like Him, for we shall see Him as He is.' 5 Therefore, although we are sons of God, yet likeness to God and true contemplation is promised us when He shall appear in His glory. Saint Jerome, Dialogue Against the Pelagians, Book 3 1 Ephes 5.27 2 1 Cor 4.8 3 Song 4.7 4 Philip 2.15 5 1 Jn 3.2

Rising Up

Ἀποκρίνεται ὁ ἀδελφιδοῦς μου, καὶ λέγει μοι· Ἀνάστα, ἐλθέ ἡ πλησίον μου καλή μου περιστερά μου. Μαρτυρεῖ τῷ κάλλει τῆς νύμφης ὁ νυμφίος· καὶ οὐχ ἁπλῶς αὐτὴν καλὴν, ἀλλὰ καλήν μου, καλεῖ διδάσκων ὅτι λίαν αὐτῷ τὸ κάλλος αὐτῆς ἀρέσκει. Προσαγορεύει δὲ αὐτὴν καὶ περιστερὰν, τὴν πνευματικὴν χάριν διὰ τούτου τοῦ ὀνόματος αἰνιττόμενος· ἐν εἴδει γὰρ περιστερᾶς ἐπ' αὐτὸν ἐφοίτησε τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον. Τοὺς δὲ τελείους πνευματικοὺς οἶδεν ὁ μακάριος Παῦλος καλεῖν. ∆ιὸ τοῖς ἀτελέσιν ἔτι γράφων φησίν· Κἀγὼ, ἀδελφοὶ, οὐκ ἠδυνήθην ὑμῖν λαλῆσαι ὡς πνευματικοῖς, ἀλλ' ὡς σαρκικοῖς, ὡς νηπίοις ἐν Χριστῷ. Τοῖς δὲ τελείοις γράφει· Ὑμεῖς δὲ ἐν σαρκὶ οὐκ ἐστὲ, ἀλλ' ἐν πνεύματι, εἴπερ Πνεῦμα Θεοῦ οἰκεῖ ἐν ὑμῖν. Εἰκότως τοίνυν τὴν ἐν ἀρετῇ τετελειωμένην ψυχὴν ὁ νυμφίος περιστερὰν ὀνομάζει· τουτέστι πνευματικὴν, καὶ Πνεύματος ἁγίου πεπληρωμένην. Καὶ γὰρ ὁ προφήτης Ἡσαΐας πόῤῥωθεν ταῦτα προορῶν, καὶ τοὺς ἁγίους ἀποστόλους οἷόν τινας ὑποπτέρους πᾶσαν τὴν οἰκουμένην περιϊπταμένους θεώμενος, καὶ τοὺς ἐκείνων φοιτητὰς καὶ ἀκροατὰς, ὥσπερ τινὰς νεοττοὺς, ἑπομένους αὐτοῖς, βοᾷ καὶ λέγει· Τίνες οἵδε ὡσεὶ νεφέλαι πέτανται, καὶ ὡσεὶ περιστεραὶ σὺν νεοσσοῖς αὐτῶν; Οὕτω καὶ ὁ νυμφίος ἐνταῦθα τὴν Ἐκκλησίαν αὐτοῦ κάμνουσαν ἐν τοῖς πειρασμοῖς ψυχαγωγῶν καὶ παραμυθούμενος, καὶ ἐκ τῶν θυρίδων παρακύπτων, καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν δικτύων ἐκκύπτων, παρακαλεῖ αὐτὴν ἀναστῆναι, καὶ πρὸς αὐτὸν ἀναπτῆ ναι. Ἔδωκε γὰρ αὐτῇ τῆς περιστερᾶς ἐκείνης τὰ πτερὰ, περὶ ἧς ὁ μακάριος ∆αβὶδ λέγει· Ἐὰν κοιμηθῆτε ἀναμέσον τῶν κλήρων, ἐκεῖ πτέρυγες περιστερᾶς περιηργυρωμέναι, καὶ τὰ μετάφρενα αὐτῆς ἐν χλωρότητι χρυσίου· κλήρους τὰς δύο ∆ιαθήκας ὀνομάζων, περιστερὰν δὲ τὴν τοῦ Πνεύματος χάριν, πτερὰ ἔχουσαν περιηργυρωμένα, τὴν τοῦ λόγου λαμπρότητα· μετάφρενα δὲ ἐν χλωρότητι χρυσίου, τῶν κεκρυμμένων μυστηρίων τὸ περίβλεπτον· Ἐὰν γὰρ, φησὶν, ἐν μέσῳ τῶν δύο ∆ιαθηκῶν διαναπαύσησθε, καὶ ἑκατέρωθεν τὴν ὠφέλειαν ἑλκύσητε, εὑρήσετε ἐκεῖ τὰ ποικίλα τοῦ Πνεύματος δῶρα. Ἡ νύμφη τοιγαροῦν τὴν πνευματικὴν δεξαμένη παραίνεσιν, καὶ κοιμηθεῖσα ἀναμέσον τῶν κλήρων, εὗρε τὰς περιηργυρωμένας πτέρυγας, δι' ὧν πρὸς τὸν νυμ φίον ἀναπτῆναι παρακελεύεται. Θεοδώρητος Ἐπίσκοπος Κύρρος, Ἑρμηνεία Εἰς Το Ἀσμα Των Ασμάτων, Λόγος Δεύτερος Source: Migne PG 81.101d-104c

And my bridegroom answers and says to me: 'Rise up, come, my dear, my beauty, my dove... 1 The groom bears witness to the beauty of the bride, and he does not say 'beauty' only, but 'my beauty' teaching how greatly this beauty of hers pleases. And then he addresses her as dove, intimating by this name spiritual grace, for with the image of a dove the Holy Spirit came down upon Him. And the blessed Paul knew what it was to call the spiritual perfect, for certainly to the yet imperfect he writes, 'And I, brothers, am not able to speak to you as spiritual creatures, but as carnal ones, as infants in Christ,' but to the perfect he writes, 'You are not in the flesh, but in the spirit, if indeed the spirit of God dwells in you.' 2 It seems, then, that for the perfection of the soul the groom used the name 'dove', that is, spiritual and full of the Holy Spirit. For the Prophet Isaiah, seeing these things long before, contemplated the holy Apostles as being winged and flying through the whole orb of the earth, and their disciples and hearers were as fledglings following them, and with great voice he cried out, 'Who are these who fly like the clouds and like doves with their young ones?' 3 In the same manner the groom refreshes and consoles His Church while it labours in trials, and, looking in at the windows, and looking through the lattice, 4 he exhorts her to rise and fly. For he gives to her the wings of the dove, concerning which the blessed David says: 'If you sleep in the midst of lots, you shall be covered with silver like the wings of the dove, and like the hind parts of its back with a pallor of gold.' 5 The lots are the two Testaments, the dove is the grace of the Holy Spirit, the wing covered with silver is the splendour of the word. But by the hind parts of the back with their pallor of gold he speaks of the enlightenment of hidden mysteries. As if he said, 'If in the midst of the two Testaments you repose, and from both you grasp some usefulness, you shall find there various gifts of the Holy Spirit.' Thus the bride, receiving a spiritual exhortation while she rests in the midst of the lots, finds wings covered with silver, by which she is exhorted to fly to the groom. Theodoret of Cyrrhus, Commentary on the Song of Songs, Book 2 1 Song 2.10 2 Rom 8.9 3 Isaiah 60.8 4 Song 2.9 5 Ps 67.14

Patience And Reward

Ὁ ἡμέτερος διδάσκαλος Παῠλος παραγγέλλει, παραστῆσαι τὰ σώματα ὑμῶν θυσίαν ζῶσαν, εὐάρεστον τῷ Θεῷ. Κοινὸν μὲν τὸ παράγγελμα, μᾶλλον δὲ ἐπαγγέλλει τοῖς ἁγιωσύνην ἀσκοῦσιν. Ἡ παρθένος τὴν μὲν φύσιν ἐστὶν ὁμοία ταῖς ἄλλαις γυναιξὶ, τῇ δὲ προθέσει τὴν φὺσιν ὑπερβᾶσα. Καὶ τῷ ἁγίῷ ἀγίως προσελθεῖν θελήσασα, εἰ μὲν κατορθῖ ἐνταῦθα, θαῦμα μέγα ἀπηνέγκατο· εἰ δὲ προθεμένη οὐκ ἐτελείωσιν, ἐξαίσιον τὸ τοιοῦτον πτῶμα γεγένηται· καὶ γὰρ χαλεπώτερον ἐστιν ἀπὸ ὑψηλοτέρων πεσεῖν, ἤ ἀπὸ τῶν χαμαὶ καταπίπτειν. Καὶ ὅσῳ μεγάλα ἐστὶν ἡ ἐπαγγελία, τοσούτῳ χείρων ἡ πτῶσις. Ἡ γὰρ ἐπαγγελία ὑπερβαίνει τὴν φήσιν, καὶ εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν αὐτὴν ἀναφέρει, καὶ μετὰ ἀγγέλων χοερεύειν αὐτὴν κατασκευάζει. Ἐντεῦθεν ἥδη τῇ πολιτείᾳ, ὥς φησι καὶ ὁ Σωτὴρ τῷ ἀξιώματι τούτῳ μαρτυρων, ὅτι μετὰ τὴν ἀνάστασιν τῶν νεκρῶν ὁ βίος ἐστὶ, φησὶν, ἡ προσδοκία τῶν ἀνθρώπων. Καὶ πάλιν λέγει, ὅτι Οἱ καταξιωθέντες τῆς ἀναστάσεως τῶν μελλόντων ἀγαθῶν οὔτε γαμοῦσιν οὔτε γαμισκονται. Ὅ τοίνυν ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ τῶν οὐρανῶν ταῖς ἐπαγγελίαις ἀπόκειται, τοῦτο προλαβοῦσα ἥ τινων προαίρεσις, ἔχει καὶ κέκτηται. Οἱ γὰρ ἅγιοι, οἵτινες τὸν λογισμὸν ἔχουσιν ἀνατεταμένον πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν, καὶ ἐσθίοντες ἐκ τῆς οὐρανίου τροφῆς, ἠγήσαντο ὡς φυλακὴν τὸν κόσμον τοῦτον, καὶ τὰ σώματα αὐτῶν εἰς μαρτυρίαν παραδεδώκασι, καὶ τὴν ἰδίαν ψυχὴν τετηρήκασιν ἁγνὴν, ἵνα ὁ Θεὸς οἰκήσῃ ἐν αὐτοῖς. Ὑπέμενον δὲ, ὥσπερ ὁ Κύριος ἡμων λέγει, ὅτι Ὁ ὑπομείνας εἰς τέλος, οὕτος σωθησεται· καὶ καθάπερ ὁ Ψαλμῳδός φησιν· Ἐκοπίασεν εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα, καὶ ζήσεται εἰς τέλος· ὅσοι γὰρ δίκαιοι τὴν ἐλπιδα αὐτῶν ἐν τῷ Θεῷ ἔχουσιν, ἀνάπαυσιν σαρκικὴν οὐκ ἐσχήκασι, χωρίζουσαν αὐτοὺς ἀπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ· ἀλλ' ἔμενον ἐν κόποις, μὴ δειλιῶντες, οὔτε μὴν διστάζοντες περὶ τῶν θείθν ἐπαγγελιῶν· ἀλλ' ὑποδεχόμενοι τὰς θλίψεις ἐλαφρῶς, μηνμονεύουσι τοῦ διὰ τοῦ Ἀποστόλου λέγοντος· Καὶ τὴν ἁρπαγην τῶν ὑπαρχόντων ὑμῶν μετὰ χαρᾶς προσεδέξασθε. καὶ μαρτυρεῖ καὶ περὶ τῶν μὴ προσδεξαμένων τὴν ἀπολύτρωσιν, ὅτι οὐκ ἤθελον ἀναστρέψαντες πάλιν εἶναι ἐν τοῖς οὐρανίοις· ἡμᾶς δὲ οὐ δεῖ εἶναι ἐν τοῖς κοσμικοῖς, ἀλλὰ μεταβῆναι εἰς τὸ συνεῖναι τῷ Θεῷ. Ἅγιος Ἀθανάσιος, Περὶ Ὑπομονης Source: Migne PG 26.1297a-c

Our teacher Paul exhorts the preparation of our bodies as a living sacrifice pleasing to God. 1 Certainly it is a general command, but more is promised to those exert themselves in holiness. A virgin has a similar nature to other women but with her vow she transcends that nature. And wishing to come to the holy of holies, if she is well presented, a great wonder has been brought, but if she has not perfected what she has proposed, woeful is the calamity, because as the greater the promise, so much the worse the fall. For the promise exceeds nature and lifts it into the heavens and makes it dwell among the angelic choirs. And from there with that way of life, as the Saviour says, it gives witness of its great dignity, for life after the resurrection of the dead is the hope of men. And again He says that those who are worthy of the resurrection amid future goods, neither marry nor are given in marriage. 2 Then with the promise being reserved in the kingdom of heaven, yet some by their own choice run ahead and here have and possess it. For the holy, having fixed their minds on God, even feasting on the heavenly bread, having treated this world as a prison, have handed over their own bodies to martyrdom, they who had guarded their own souls in chastity, so that God might dwell with them. They had patience, and as the Lord said, 'He who has patience to the end, he shall be saved.' 3 and likewise the Psalmist says, 'He laboured for eternity, and he shall live at the end.' 4 For as much as men place their hope in God, and do not cling to carnal contentment, which separates them from God, but endure in their labours, fearing nothing, and not doubting the Divine promises, but readily accepting hardship, they recall that which was said by the Apostle: 'And you accepted the seizure of your goods with joy.' 5 And this also bears witness to those who do not receive redemption, who are unwilling to have their way of life in the heavens. But we should not be in the world, but passing on, that we may be with God. Saint Athanasius, From a Sermon On Patience 1 Rom 12.1 2 Mt 22.30 3 Mk 13.13 4 Ps 48.9-10 5 Heb 10.34