The Benevolent Spirit And Punishment

Benignus est enim spiritus sapientiae, et non liberabit maledicum a labiis suis; quoniam renum illius testis est Deus, et cordis illius scrutator est verus et linguae ejus auditor. Quoniam spiritus Domini replevit orbem terrarum; et hoc quod continet omnia, scientiam habet vocis. Propter hoc qui loquitur iniqua non potest latere, nec praeteriet illum corripiens judicium. In cogitationibus enim impii interrogatio erit; sermonum autem illius auditio ad Deum veniet, ad correptionem iniquitatum illius. Quoniam auris zeli audit omnia, et tumultus murmurationum non abscondetur. Custodite ergo vos a murmuratione quae nihil prodest, et a detractione parcite linguae: quoniam sermo obscurus in vacuum non ibit, os autem quod mentitur occidit animam. Benignus enim etc. Hic monet ad iustitiam locutionis, retrahendo a sermonibus malis. Et primo removet ab ipsis male dictis impunitutis confidentiam; secundo praedicit eorum poenam: Propter hoc qui loquitur etc.; tertio monet ad pravarum locutionum cautelam: Custodite etc. In prima primo removet impunitatis confidentiam, quae possit oriri ex iudicis misericordia: Benignus; secundo, ex ejus ignorantia : Quoniam renum etc; tertio, ex eius impotentia: Quoniam spiritus Domini. Dicit ergo: Benignus enim est spiritus etc. Bene dixi , quod corripietur fictus etc; Benignus enim est spiritus sapientiae , scilicet increatae, scilicet Filii, a qua datur Spiritus sanctus; vel creatae, quam ipse dat; infra duodecimo: O quam bonus et quam suavis est, Domine, spiritus tuus in omnibus. Psalmus: Spiritus tuus bonus etc. Et tamen non liberabit maledictum etc, quamvis sit benignus; quia, sicut dicit Gregorius, disciplina et misericordia multum destituitur, si una sine alia teneatur. Vel sic: et quia benignus, non liberabit maledictum etc, quia benignitas malitiae contraria est; ut dicit Glossa: Non liberabit, inquam, maledictum, id est maledicentem, qui maledictus est, quia facit contra Dei mandatum, qui prohibet maledicere; Psalmus: Maledicti, qui declinant a mandatis tuis; ecce , maledictio in praesenti. Item, Matthaei vigesimo quinto: Discedite a me, maledicti, in ignem aeternum etc; ecce, maledictio in futuro. A labiis suis , id est a peccato labiorum suorum, vel a poena, quam meruit peccato labiorum suorum; Matthaei duodecimo: Ex verbis tuis condemnaberis; item in Psalmo: Labor labiorum suorum operiet eos. Sanctus Bonaventura, Commentarius In Librum Sapientiae, Caput I Source: Here, 361b-d

For the spirit of wisdom is benevolent, and will not acquit the evil speaker from his lips, for God is witness of his soul, and a true searcher of his heart, and a hearer of his tongue. Because the spirit of the Lord fills the whole world and that which contains all things has knowledge of the voice. Therefore he who speaks unjust things cannot be hidden, neither shall the chastising judgment pass him by. Investigation shall be made into the thoughts of the unholy man, and the hearing of his words shall come to God for the chastising of his iniquities. Because the jealous ear hears all things, and the tumult of murmuring shall not be hidden. Therefore keep yourselves from murmuring, which profits not at all, and restrain your tongue from detraction, for obscure speech shall not go for nothing, and the mouth that lies kills the soul. 1 This is warning against unjust speech, and for the drawing away from wicked words. Firstly there is the removal of confidence in impunity in speaking evil, secondly punishment is foretold, 'Therefore he who speaks...' Thirdly there is a warning for caution against depraved speaking. 'Keep yourselves...' Firstly, then, confidence in impunity is removed, which arises from the thought of mercy in judgement, 'Benevolent.' Secondly ignorance is removed, because God is witness to it. Thirdly the thought of inability is removed, 'For the Spirit of the Lord fills the whole world.' Therefore it is said that the Spirit is benevolent, and it is well said that He shall correct a lie, 'For the spirit of wisdom is benevolent,' that is the uncreated Spirit, of the Son, from whom the Holy Sprit is given, or the created spirit, which He gives, as it says below in twelfth chapter, 'O how good and sweet is your Spirit in all things, Lord.' In the Psalm, 'Your spirit is good.' 2 And although the Spirit is benevolent He will not pass over the evil speaker, because as Gregory says, 'Many forsake discipline and mercy if they hold to one without the other.' 3 And so because He is benevolent He does not spare an evil speaker, because benevolence is contrary to wickedness, as the gloss says. 'He shall not acquit the evil speaker,' that is, he who speaks evil, because he is cursed who does something against the commandment of God who prohibits us to speak evil.' In the Psalm, 'Those who forsake your commandments are accursed,' note that they are cursed in the present, and in the twenty fifth chapter of Matthew, 'Be gone from me, accursed ones, into eternal fire,' 4 note that they are cursed in the future. 'From his lips' that is, from the sin of his lips and the punishment which the sin of his lips has merited. In the twelfth chapter of Matthew. 'From your words you shall be condemned.' In the Psalm, 'The work of their lips shall cover them.' 5 Saint Bonaventura, Commentary On Wisdom, Chapter 1 1 Wisdom 1.6-10 2 Wisd 12.4, Ps 142.10 3 Greg Moral 20.5.44 4 Ps 118.21, Mt 25.44 5 Mt 12.37, Ps 139.10

Grieving The Spirit

Et nolite contristare Spiritum sanctum Dei, in quo signati estis in diem redemptionis. Cum bene agimus, gaudet in nobis Spiritus sanctus, datus nobis, videns monita sua proficere utilitatibus nostris, sicut dictum est a Domino: Ita gaudium erit in coelo in uno peccatore poenitentiam agente. Gaudet ergo Spiritus sanctus saluti nostrae, non sibi, qui non indiget laetitia; ita, e contrario, si obedientes ei non fuerimus, contristatur, quia non habet profectum in nobis; vult enim nos pertinere ad vitam. Non tamen sic contristatur, ut patiatur, quippe cum impassibilis sit: sed cum eum contristatum dicit, nostri causa hoc significat; quia deserit nos eo quod laeserimus eum, contemnendo monita ejus. Contristatio itaque ejus indignitas nostra est, quae filios nos Dei prohibet appellari; ipse enim est Spiritus sanctus, qui sanctificat filios Dei, manens in nobis. Ambrosiaster, In Epistolam ad Ephesios, Caput IV Source: Migne PL 17.393a

And do not grieve the Holy Spirit of God, with whom you have been signed for the day of redemption. 1 When we act well, the Holy Spirit that has been given to us rejoices in us, seeing that His warnings have advanced our usefulness, as it was said by the Lord 'Thus there will be joy in heaven for the repentance of one sinner.' 2 Therefore the Holy Spirit rejoices in our salvation, and not for Himself since He does not lack any joy. Thus, on the contrary, if we are not obedient to Him, He is aggrieved, because He does not note any improvement in us, He who wishes to lead us to life. But is not that when He is grieved that He suffers, for certainly He is impassible, but when it says that we grieve Him, it signifies that we are the cause, because of which He deserts us, since we oppose Him and scorn His warnings. Thus His grieving is our unworthiness, which forbids us to be called sons of God, for it is by the Holy Spirit’s remaining in us that we are sanctified as sons of God. Ambrosiaster, Commentary On The Letter of Saint Paul To The Ephesians, Chapter 4 1 Ephes 4.30 2 Lk 15.10

The Given Spirit

In hoc cognoscimus quoniam in eo manemus, et ipse in nobis: quoniam de Spiritu suo dedit nobis. Hoc ipsum, quia de Spiritu suo dedit tibi, unde cognoscis? Interroga viscera tu. Si plena sunt chartitate, habes Spiritum Dei, Paulo attestante qui ait: Quia charitas Dei diffusa est in cordibus nostris per Spritium sanctum qui datus est nobis. Sanctus Beda, In I Epistolam Sancti Joannis, Caput IV Source: Migne PL 93.110b

In this we know that we remain in Him, and that He is in us, because He has given of His Spirit to us. 1 How do we know this, that He has given of His Spirit to us? Question your heart. If it is full of love, you have the Spirit of God. Paul also gives witness to this, saying, 'Because the love of God has been diffused in our hearts through the Holy Spirit that has been given to us.' 2 Saint Bede, Commentary on the First Letter of Saint John, Chapter 4 1 1 Jn 4.13 2 Rom 5.5

The Spirit's Work

Porro ad faciendum bonum quid in nobis Spiritus bonus operatur? Profecto monet, et movet, et docet. Monet memoriam, rationem docet, movet voluntatem. In his enim tribus tota consistit anima nostra. Memoriae suggerit bona in cogitationibus sanctis, atque ita ignaviam nostram torporemque repellit. Propterea quoties hujusmodi suggestionem boni senseris in corde tuo, da honorem Deo, et age reverentiam Spiritui sancto, cujus vox sonat in auribus tuis. Ipse namque est qui loquitur justitiam. Et in Evangelio habes quia ille suggeret vobis omnia, quaecunque dixero vobis. Et adverte quid praemiserit: Ille vos docebit omnia. Dixeram enim quia docet rationem. Multi siquidem monentur, ut benefaciant; sed minime sciunt quid agendum sit, nisi adsit denuo gratia Spiritus sancti; et quam inspirat cogitationem, doceat in opus proferre, ne vacua in nobis sit gratia Dei. Sed quid? Scienti bonum, et non facienti, peccatum est illi gratia. Propterea non solum moneri et doceri, verum etiam moveri et affici ad bonum necesse est ab eo utique Spiritu, qui adjuvat infirmitatem nostram, et per quem in cordibus nostris diffunditur charitas, quae est bona voluntas. Sanctus Bernardus Clarae Vallensis, Sermones De Tempore, In Festo Pentecostes, Sermo I Source: Migne PL 183.325a-c

But for the doing of good how does the good Spirit work in us? Certainly He admonishes, He prompts, and He teaches. He admonishes with memory, He teaches with reason, and He moves the will. In these three things our soul is established. With memory He suggests good things in thinking of the saints, and thus He drives away our indolence and torpor, and therefore every day you shall sense an encouragement to do good in your hearts, to give honour to God and to revere the Holy Spirit whose voice resounds in your ears, for He speaks righteousness. And in the Gospel you have it that He suggests everything to you, 'Whatever I have said to you.' And look to what precedes, 'He shall teach you everything.' 1 I have said he teaches with reason, and certainly He regularly admonishes so that we might do good, for hardly anyone would know what to do unless refreshed with the grace of the Holy Spirit. And He teaches us with inspiring thought what work we should turn to, lest the grace of God be empty in us. But why? Because to know what is good and not to do it is a sin for the one who has grace. 2 Therefore He does not only admonish and teach, but it is truly necessary that the Spirit moves us to and fixes us in what is good, He who helps us in our weakness and through whom love is diffused in our heart, which is a good will. 3 Saint Bernard of Clairvaux, Sermons for the Year, On Pentecost, from the First Sermon 1 Jn 14.26 2 Jam 4.17 3 Rom 8.26, Rom 5.5

The Spirit And Rivers And Speech

Εάν τις διψᾷ, ἐρχέσθω πρός με, καὶ πινέτω. Ὁ πιστεύων εἰς ἐμὲ , καθὼς εἶπεν ἡ Γραφή, ποταμοὶ ῥεύσουσιν ἐκ τῆς κοιλίας αὐτοῦ ὕδατος ζῶντος Ποταμούς δὲ ῥεῦσαι ἔφη, καὶ οὐ ποταμὸν, ὕδατος ζῶντος, τὴν τοῦ Πνεύματος ἄφθονον χάριν καν τὴν δαψίλειαν αἰνιττόμενος. Τοιοῦτον γάρ ἐστι τὸ Πνεῦμα, εἰς οἷαν ψυχὴν εἰσέλθοι , καὶ ἐν ᾧ ἂν ἱδρυνθείη, ποιοῦν αὐτὴν ἀναβλύζειν πάσης πηγῆς ἀφθονώτερον. Καὶ μάθο: ἄν τις, πῶς ποταμοὶ ῥεύσουσιν ἐκ τῆς κοιλίας τοῦ πιστεύοντος κατὰ τὰς Γραφὰς, εἴγε τὴν τοῦ Πέτρου γλώτταν, καὶ τὴν τοῦ Παύλου ῥύμην, καὶ τὴν τοῦ Στεφάνου σοφίαν κατασκέψαιτο· οὓς οὐδὲν ὑφίστατο λέγοντας, ἀλλὰ πάντες παρεσύροντο ὡς τινων ποταμῶν ῥεύμασιν ἀνυποστάτοις τὴν φοράν. Θεοφύλακτος Αχρίδος, Ἑρμηνεία Εἰς Τὸ Κατὰ Ιὠαννὴν, Κεφαλὴ Z' Source: Migne PG 123.1152a

If someone thirsts, let him come to me, and drink. He who believes in me, as Scripture says, rivers of living water shall flow from his breast. 1 He speaks of flowing rivers of living waters, and not just a river, because He refers to the generous grace and largess of the Holy Spirit. So great is the Spirit that in whatever soul He enters, and in which He dwells, there He makes gush forth a bountiful fountain. And anyone may learn how these rivers flow forth from the breast of one who believes according to the Scriptures if he considers the speech of Peter, and the force of Paul, and the wisdom of Stephen, none of whom shrank from any speech, but drove on in everything, as if caught up in the racing flow of waters. Theophylact of Ochrid, Commentary On The Gospel Of Saint John, Chapter 7 1 Jn 7.37-38

Giving Water

Rivos ejus inebria, multiplica generationes ejus: in stillicidiis ejus laetabitur cum exorietur. Terra autem visitata, inebriata est: et quomodo nunc rivi ejus inebriantur? Sed meminisse debemus, quod si quis ex aqua Domini potaverit, flumina de ventre ejus effluent: ergo potatione aquae opus est, ut flumina fluant. Inebriamur autem ipsi, cum Spiritum sanctum qui fluvius est nuncupatus accipimus. Dehinc, quia ex nobis diversi gratiarum rivi emanant, orat propheta ut hos eosdem Dominus inebriet: ut his inebriatis, et dono divini muneris perfusis, generationes nostrae multiplicentur; terra scilicet bona, secundum evangelicam comparationem, verbi semen excipiens, fructu tricesimo et sexagesimo et centesimo ditescat Sanctus Hilarius Pictaviensis, Tractatus super Psalmos, Tractatus in Psalmum LXIV Source: Migne PL 9.414b-c

Give water to its streams, multiply its fruits, in its showers it shall rejoice as it rises up. 1 He has visited the earth and watered it, 2 and now how are its streams watered? We should remember that if someone drinks from the water of the Lord that rivers shall flow out of his breast, 3 therefore one must drink this water so that the rivers flow. We are watered when it is announced that we have received the Holy Spirit, He who is like a river. Hence because the diverse rivers of grace may emanate from us, the prophet prays that the Lord might water him with these, so that being watered with them, and doused in the gift of the Divine benefactions, our fruits might be multiplied, that is, in the good land according to the parable of the Gospel, where when the seed of the Word is received it yields thirty fold and sixty fold and a hundred fold. 4 Saint Hilary of Poitiers, Homilies on the Psalms, from Psalm 64 1 Ps 64.11 2 Ps 64.10 3 Jn 7.38 4 Mt 13.8

The Spirit And Freedom

Πῶς τολμᾶς τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον δοῦλον προσααγορεύειν, τὸ διὰ τοῦ ἀσπίλου βαπτίσματος πάντας τοὺς πιστεύοντας ἐλευθεροῦν ; Λέγει γὰρ ὁ Ἀπόστολος, ὅτιπερ, Ο νόμος τοῦ Πνεύματος τῆς ζωῆς ἠλευθέρωσέ με ἀπὸ τοῦ νόμου τῆς ἁμαρτίας , καὶ τοῦ θανάτου. Ἅγιος Νειλος, Βιβλιον Πρῶτον, Ἐπιστολὴ ΣΙΑ' Βυριλλῳ Μακεδονιῳ Source: Migne PG 79.160d-161a

How is it that you dare insist that the Holy Spirit is a servant, He who through the cleansing of baptism liberates all who believe? For the Apostle says, 'The law of the Spirit of life he has freed me from sin and death.' 1 Saint Nilus of Sinai, Book 1, Letter 211, to Byrillos The Macedonian 2 1 Rom 8.2 2 4th c heresy founded by Macedonius, a bishop of Constantinople, who taught that the Holy Spirit was created and subordinate to the Father And Son

Manna And The Holy Spirit

Scriptum est de manna, quia secundum tempus illud si quis id ita assumpsisset ut praeceperat Deus, nutriretur ex eo; si quis vero contra præceptum Dei, et contra statutum divinitus modum voluisset assumere, non frueretur eo , ut vitali cibo, sed vermes ebullirent ex co. Et ita fiebat, ut una atque eadem species mannæ aliis quidem vermes et putredines generaret, aliis vero salubrem cibuin conferret, et vitae necessarium. Igitur et nostrum manna verbum Dei est, et apud nos ergo sermo Dei aliis efficitur ad salutem, aliis cedit ad poenam. Et propter hoc arbitror quod ipse Dominus et Salvator, qui est vivum Dei verbum, dicebat: In judicium ego veni in hunc mundum, ut non videntes videant, et videntes caeci fiant . Quanto melius esset nonnullis omnino nec audire verbum Dei , quam audire cum malitia, vel audire cum hypocrisi. Melius autem dicimus ad comparationem Vere autem melius , et vere rectius , ac perfectius est, ut qui audit verbum Dei , audiat corde bono et simplici , audiat corde recto et parato, ut quasi in terra bona fructificet et crescat. Haec in praefatione diximus propter nonnullos eorum qui ad audiendum non simplici, nec fideli mente conveniunt. De quibusdam dico catechumenis, quibus fortasse nonnulli etiam eorum qui jam baptismum consecuti sunt, sociantur. Non enim omnes qui ex Israel, ii sunt Israelitae; neque omnes qui loti sunt aqua, continuo etiam sancto Spiritu loti sunt: sicut econtrario non omnes qui in catechumenis numerantur, alieni sunt et expertes Spiritus sancti. Invenio enim in Scripturis divinis nonnullos catechumenorum dignos habitos Spiritu sancto, et alios accepto baptismo indignos fuisse sancti Spiritus gratia. Cornelius catechumenus erat, et antequam ad aquam veniret , meruit accipere Spiritum sanctum. Simon baptismum acceperat, sed quoniam cum hypocrisi accessit ad gratiam , repudiatur a dono Spiritus sancti. Nolo dubites et nunc esse in populo catechumenorum aliquos Cornelios , ad quos dici possit , quia misericordiae et orationes tuæ ascenderunt in coelam; et rursum in populo fidelium esse aliquos Simones, quibus confidenter dicendum sit: O plene omni dolo et fallacia, fili diaboli, inimice omnis justitiae. Haec ego ad correptionem mei ipsius loquor, non solum auditorum. Unus enim et ego sum ex iis, qui audiunt verbum Dei . Origen, In Numeros, Homilia III, Interprete Rufino Aquileiense Source: Migne PG 12.593c-594b

It is written concerning the manna, that if according to the time the Lord commanded it someone took it up, then he would be nourished by it, but if against the commandment of the Lord and against the divine statute someone wished to take it up, it would be of no benefit to him, even to such a degree that worms would crawl forth from the life giving bread. 1 Thus one and the same type of manna generated worms and rottenness for some and on others it conferred wholesome food, and what is needful for life. Therefore even with our manna among us, which is the word of God, for some the word is effective for salvation, but for others it brings forth punishment. Therefore that judge who is the Lord and Saviour, who is the living word of God, said, 'In judgment I have come into this world, even that those who do not see might see, and that those who do see become blind.' 2 How much better it would be for some not to hear the word of God at all, than to hear it in wickedness or as hypocrites. But it is better for us to give a comparison. Truly it is better and more righteous and more perfect that he who hears the word of God, hears it with a good and innocent heart, and with an upright and prepared heart, so that on earth he may put forth good fruits and grow. We have brought forth these remarks first because a number of those who hear are not innocent, nor are they faithful in their minds. About whom I say to the catechumens, regarding those with whom they associate and who have perhaps already received baptism, 'Not everyone from Israel is an Israelite.' 3 Not all who have been washed with water, then have the further washing of the Holy Spirit, and likewise and in an opposite sense not all who are accounted among the catechumens are foreign and unknown to the Holy Spirit. I have found in the Holy Scriptures that several catechumens were worthy of receiving the Holy Spirit, and others who had received baptism were unworthy of the grace of the Holy Spirit. Cornelius was a catechumen and even before he come to the water he was worthy of receiving the Holy Spirit. Simon received baptism but because he was a hypocrite for grace, he was denied the gift of the Holy Spirit. I do not doubt that even now there are some who are Cornelius among the people of the catechumens, to whom it is possible to say, that your mercy and prayers have ascended to heaven, and again that among the gathering of the faithful there are some who are Simon, to whom it must be forcefully said 'O full of every guile and deceit, O son of the devil, O enemy of all righteousness.' 4 I do not say these things only to the audience but even for my own correction, for I am one of those who hears the word of God. Origen, On Numbers, from the Third Homily, Translated by Rufinus of Aquileia. 1 Exod 16.20 2 Jn 9.39 3 Rom 9.6 4 Act 10 Act 13.10

Piety And Seeking

Sentite de Domino in bonitate, et in simplicitate cordis quaerite illum. In bonitate autem de Domino sentit qui sacram Scripturam secundum pietatem legit atque intelligit, et in simplicitate cordis eum quaerit, qui humiliter ejus voluntati se subjicit ad custodiendum videlicet mandata ejus. Nam qui pie quaerit Dominum, honorat sacram Scripturam, et non reprehendit quod nondum intelligit, et propterea non resistit: quod est mitem esse, de quo in Evangelio Veritas ipsa ait: Beati mites, quoniam ipsi possidebunt terram. Hinc ergo mundi philosophi, et eorum sequaces haeretici excipiuntur qui ratione humana secreta se aestimant capere posse divina, cum scriptum sit: Sapientiam Dei praecedentem omnia quis investigabit? Et Apostolus manifeste dicat: Incomprehensibilia esse judicia Dei, et investigabiles vias ejus: qui in praesenti vita potius colendus est recta fide, quam incauta disputatione. Rabanus Maurus, Commentariorum In Librum Sapientiae Wisdom, Liber I, Caput I Source: Migne PL 109.673b-c

Think of the Lord in goodness, and seek Him in simplicity of heart. 1 They think of the Lord in goodness who piously read and understand Holy Scripture, and they seek Him in simplicity of heart who humbly subject themselves to His will, that is, in the guarding of His commandments. For he who piously seeks the Lord reveres Holy Scripture, and he does not dispute what he does not yet understand, on account of which he is not impeded, which is to be meek, concerning which the Truth says in the Gospel, 'Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit he earth.' 2 Therefore the worldly philosophers, and those who are followers of heretics, are excluded, who with human reason think they can draw out and grasp Divine secrets, even when it it is written, 'Who is able to investigate the wisdom of God which excels everything?' And the Apostle openly says, 'The judgements of God are incomprehensible and His ways are beyond investigation,' 3 who in the present life would rather have care for correct faith than foolish arguments. Rabanus Maurus, Commentary on the Book of Wisdom, Book 1, Chapter 1 1 Wisdom 1.1 2 Mt 5.4 3 Sirach 1.3, Rom 11.33

Peace And Wisdom

Beati pacifici, quoniam filii Dei vocabuntur. Postquam omnes supradictas virtutes habet homo, nihil aliud restat, nisi ut Deum, qui est vera pax, praemium habeat. Deus in tanta pace, quod neque in personis est dissensio aliqua, sed perfecta concordia, neque in seipso variatur, quamvis res, in quibus est, variantur. Suos vero similes sibi faciet, quia erunt incorruptibiles, et impassibiles, et incommutabiles, et ita sunt concordes, quod de bonis aliorum gaudebunt, tanquam de suis. Septimo loco ponitur, quia in sabbato vero, requiei dabitur illa pax transactis septem aetatibus, quam Adam nondum habebat, sed quam transferendus in coelum completa obedientia accepturus erat. Haec est pax illa, de qua Apostolus dicit: Et pax Dei, quae exsuperat omnem sensum. Haec est illa, de qua Christus dicit: Pacem meam do vobis, pacem relinquo vobis. Illic do, hic relinquo, quia illa pax non potest haberi, nisi in futuro, sed tamen aliquae reliquiae dantur in praesenti, quod potest videri in illis, qui ita habent sedatos illicitos motus corporis, quod nullum civile bellum patiuntur in se, sed habet anima requiem suam in hac vita, nec etiam conturbari posset quolibet modo, vel quantumcunque verberentur, sed in se quieti sunt, et alios reconciliare laborant. Unde dicitur: Pax multa diligentibus legem tuam, non tamen perfecta. Illa perfecta pax et spiritus sapientiae non differunt. Aliud est intelligentia, aliud sapientia. Intelligentia est quando res investigatur et discutitur. Sapientia est quando non investigamus, sed jam sapientes sumus, et in ipso bono sapientiae delectamur. Haec eadem est illa pax, quando Deum scrutari non laborabimus, sed in eo tamen cognito delectabimur, et tunc erimus filii Dei, quia similes ei efficiemur. Anselmus Laudunensis, Enarrationes In Matthaeum, Caput V Source: Migne PL 162.1288b-d

Blessed are the peacemakers, because they shall be called sons of God. 1 After a man has all the virtues spoken of above, nothing else remains but that he shall have God as his reward, He who is true peace. God is such great peace, because there is no dissension at all among the Persons but perfect harmony, nor is there are variation in Him, although the things in which He is may vary. And He makes those who are His own similar to Himself, because they shall be incorruptible and impassible and unchangeable and thus harmonious, for they will rejoice in the goods of others as their own. This beatitude is placed in the seventh place because on the true sabbath that peace shall be given that surpasses the seven ages, which Adam did not yet have, but which he shall receive when in perfect obedience he shall be transported into heaven. This is the peace of which the Apostle says, 'And the peace of God which surpasses all understanding.' This is the peace of which Christ says, 'My peace I give to you, my peace I leave to you.' 2 From there I give it, and here I leave it, because it is only possible to have that peace in the future, and yet a remnant of it is given in the present, which it is possible to observe in those who are tranquil amid the shameful motions of the body because they suffer no internal strife in themselves, but the soul has its rest in this life, and it is not possible to trouble it in any way, and as much as they are struck, yet they remain quiet in themselves, and they labour to reconcile others. Hence it is said, 'Much peace to the lovers of your law,' 3 though it is not that perfect peace. That perfect peace and the spirit of wisdom do not differ. Intelligence is one thing, wisdom is another. Intelligence is when we we investigate something and study it. Wisdom is when we do not investigate but now we are wise and we delight in the good of wisdom. This is that same peace that is not in labouring to know God but rather we shall delight in that knowledge, and then we shall be sons of God, because we shall be made like Him. Anselm of Laon, Commentary On The Gospel of Saint Matthew, Chapter 5 1 Mt 5.9 2 Phil 4.7, Jn 14.27 3 Ps 118.165

True Life

Vivam, inquit, et observabo sermones tuos. Vivam atque observabo non praesentis temporis res est; sed significatio sermonis hujus in futurum se tempus extendit. Scit enim Propheta quando beata illa et vera viventium vita sit. Nunc enim et in pulvere mortis manemus, et in mortis corpore sumus, a quo se liberari Apostolus orat, dicens: Miser ego homo, quis me liberabit a corpore mortis hujus? Habemus autem etiam nunc admixtam nobis materiam, quae mortis legi et peccati obnoxia est; et in hujus caducae carnis infirmisque domicilio corruptionis labem ex ejus consortio mutuamur: ac nisi glorificato in naturam spiritus corpore, vitae verae in nobis non potest esse natura. Audiamus eum, qui se meminit in corpore mortis habitare dicentem: Quia vita nostra absconsa est cum Christo in Deo. Cum autem Christus apparuerit vita nostra, tunc et vos apparebitis cum ipso in gloria. Hanc ergo retributionem sibi Propheta orat, ut vivat: futurae hujus vitae tempus in loco altero docens, quo ait: Et placebo Domino in regione viventium. Scit hanc mundi istius sedem regionem non esse viventium. Scit nos adhuc secundum praefigurationem legis emundandos esse. Nunc enim admiscemur morticinae: et in lege quisquis mortuum contrectat, immundus est. Sed absit istud, ut quidquam horum in lege corporaliter intelligatur, tamquam per contrectationem mortui quisquam fiat immundus. Joseph ossa egrediens Aegyptum Moyses ipse lator legis abstulit, Eliseus mortuo ut eum vivificaret incubuit: Dominus ipse mortuos manu apprehensos in vitam retraxit: et contrectatio mortui si immundum effectura fuisset, nequaquam a tantis viris, neque a Domino violata lex esset, ipso dicente: Non veni legem solvere, sed adimplere. Sed quia lex umbra est futurorum bonorum; idcirco per hanc praeformatam significantiam docuit nos in hoc terreni et morticini corporis habitaculo mundos esse non posse, nisi per ablutionem coelestis misericordiae emundationem consequamur, post demutationem resurrectionis, terreni corporis nostri effecta gloriosiore natura. Sanctus Hilarius Pictaviensis, Tractatus super Psalmos, Tractatus in Psalmum CXVIII Source: Migne PL 9.517c-519a

'I shall live,' he says, 'and I shall observe your words.' 1 But this living and observing is not a matter of the present time, but the signification of this speech extends itself into the future. For the prophet knows when the blessed and true life of the living will be, since now we exist in the dust of death, and we are in the body of death, from which the Apostle prays to be freed, saying, 'I am a wretched man, who shall free me from this body of death.' 2 Now we have material mixed in us which is subject to the law of death and sin, and in this dwelling place of frail and weak flesh, we borrow the taint of corruption from association with it, and unless the glorification of the Spirit is in the nature of our body, it is not possible for us to have the true life in us. Let us hear him who recalls to himself that he is dwelling in a body of death, saying, 'Because our life is hidden with Christ in God, and when Christ, our life, shall appear, then even you will appear with him in glory.' 3 Therefore this is the reward that the prophet prays for, he who teaches about the time of the future life in another place, saying, 'I shall please the Lord in the land of the living.' 4 He knows that the place of this world is not the land of the living. He knows that we yet need to be cleansed according to the prefiguration of the law, for now we are mixed with perishing things, and in the law whoever touches a corpse is unclean. 5 But let it not be that whatever is found in the law is understood corporally, as if by touching a corpse we are made unclean. The bones of Joseph were taken out of Egypt by Moses, who propounded the law, and so flouted it, and Elisha lay on a dead man to revive him, and the Lord Himself with the touch of His hand drew the dead back to life, 6 and so if the touch of a corpse were to make us unclean, these great men, even the Lord, would have violated the law, even He who said, 'I have not come to set aside the law but to fulfill it.' 7 But because the law is a shadow of future goods, therefore the meaning of prefiguration teaches us that in this dwelling of the earthly and perishable body it is not possible to be clean unless we receive the cleansing washing of the heavenly mercy, because of which, after the change of the resurrection, our earthly bodies will be turned into a glorious nature. Saint Hilary of Poitiers, Homilies on the Psalms, from Psalm 118 1 Ps 118.17 2 Rom 7.24 3 Colos 3.3-4 4 Ps 114.11 5 Numb 19.11 6 Exod 13,19, 4 Kings 4.34, Mt 9.25 7 Mt 5.17

A Mixing

Κλῖνον τὴν καρδίαν μου εἰς τὰ μαρτύριά σεν, καὶ μὴ εἰς πλεονεξίαν. Ἀπόστρεψον τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς μου τοῦ μὴ ἰδεῖν ματαιότητα· ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ σου ζῆσόν με. Στῆσον τῷ δούλῳ σου τὸ λόγιόν σου εἰς τὸν φόβον σου. Περίελε τὸν ὀνειδισμόν μου ὃν ὑπώπτευσα, ὅτι τὰ κρίματά σου χρηστά. Ἰδοὺ ἐπεθύμησα τὰς ἐντολάς σου, ἐν τῇ δικαιοσύνη σου ζῆσόν με. Πάντα ἐπὶ τὸν Θεον άναφέρουσιν οἱ ἅγιοι, διδάσκοντες ἡμᾶς , ὅτι χωρὶς θεοῦ οὐδὲν δυνάμεθα. Ἐὰν γὰρ μὴ ἐν ἐμοὶ, φησί, μένητε, οὐδὲν δύνασθε ποιεῖν. ᾿Αλλ ' ἴσως τις ἐρεῖ· Εἰ πάντα ἀναφέρεται ἐπὶ τὸν Θεὸν, ποῦ τὸ ἐπ᾿ ἐμοί; Εἰ δὲ μὴ , πανταχοῦ ἐπέπλεξε τοῖς ἀπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ τὰ ἐφ᾿ ἡμῖν. Ἀπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ τό· Νομοθέτησόν με, Κύριε, τὴν ὁδὸν τῶν δικαιωμάτων σου· τὸ δ ' ἐφ᾽ ἡμῖν· Καὶ ἐκζητήσω αὐτὴν διαπαντός. Ἀπὸ Θεοῦ αἰτῶ πάλιν Συνέτισόν με, καὶ ἐξερευνήσω τὸν νόμον σου. Τὸ δ ' ἐπ ' ἐμοί· Καὶ φυλάξω αὐτὸν ἐν ὅλῃ καρδίᾳ. Καὶ τρίτον ἀπὸ Θεοῦ αἰτῶ λέγων· Ὁδήγησόν με ἐν τρίβῳ τῶν ἐντολῶν σου· τἱ τὸ ἐπ᾿ ἐμοί; Ὅτι αὐτὸν ἠθέλησα· δῆλον δὲ ὅτι τὸν ἀνωτέρω εἰρημένον νόμον, ὥστε αἰτῶμεν τὰ ἀπὸ Θεοῦ προσγενέσθαι ἡμῖν, ἐπαγγελλόμενοι καὶ τὰ ἐφ᾽ ἡμῖν καὶ μὴ ψευδόμενοι, ἵνα μὴ τὰς πρὸς Θεὸν ἀθετῶμεν συνθήκας. Εὐσέβιος ὁ Καισάρειος, Ὑπομνηματα Ἐις Τους Ψαλμους, Ψαλμὸς ΡΙϚ' Source: Migne PG 23.1372b-c

Incline my heart to your testimonies, and not to avarice. Avert my eyes lest they see vanity, revive me in your way. Set your word in me in fear. Cut off the disgrace which I have acquired, because your judgements are joyful. Behold, I have desired your commandments, in your righteousness renew me. 1 Holy men refer everything to God, in which they teach us that we cannot do anything without God. 'For unless you remain in me,' He says, 'you can do nothing.' 2 Buy perhaps someone will say, 'If they refer everything to God what is there for me to do?' But everywhere there is a mixing of the things of God's power and of ours. Certainly of God is, 'Place your law in me, O Lord, the way of your justifications,' but our part is, 'I shall follow it always.' Again of God I ask, 'Give me understanding and I shall study your law,' and to me refers, 'I shall keep it in my whole heart.' Thirdly from God I entreat, 'Lead me into the path of your commandments,' but what pertains to me? 'Because I have wished it,' 3 that is, I have been mindful of your law. So it is that we seek the things of God to be with us and promise those things which are in our power, lest acting falsely we violate our covenant with God. Eusebius of Caesarea, Commentary on the Psalms, from Psalm 118 1 Ps 118.36-40 2 Jn 15.4 3 Ps 118.33-35

Most High

Kαὶ γνώτωσαν ὅτι ὄνομά σοι Kύριος, σὺ μόνος ὕψιστος ἐπὶ πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν. Εἰ καὶ ἄλλοι ὑψηλοὶ καὶ ὑψίστου ἐκ Θεοῦ γεγένηνται, ἀρετῇ μετεωριζόμενοι καὶ ὑψούμενοι. ᾿Αλλ' οὐδεὶς ἐξ ἐκείνων ἐξ ἑαυτοῦ καὶ κατ᾿ οὐσίαν ἐστὶν τοιοῦτος· μόνος γὰρ Θεὸς ὕψιστος, ποιῶν ἀλλ᾿ οὐ γινόμενος, ὡς μόνος σοφός ἐστιν καὶ μόνος ἀληθινὸς παρέχων σοφίαν καὶ ἀλήθειαν. Δίδυμος Αλεξανδρεύς, Εἰς Ψαλμούς, Ψαλμος ΠΒ' Source: Migne PG 39.1480b

And let them know that your name is the Lord, you who alone are most high over all the earth. 1 Even if others have been raised on high by God, and lifted up with virtue and exalted, 2 yet there is not one among them who by his own nature is such a thing, for God alone is most high, the Creator and not the created, so that only He is wise, and only He is true, and only He gifts wisdom and truth. Didymus the Blind, Commentary on The Psalms, from Psalm 82 1 Ps 82.19

Rising Up

Si apud Christum thesaurus noster est, sicut Apostolus dicit: Scio cui credidi et certus sum, quia potens est depositum meum servare in illum diem: sit ibi cor nostrum, ubi est thesaurus noster. Disponamus ascensiones in corde nostro, et si non possumus corporaliter ascendere, saltem recordatione et desiderio coelestium spiritualiter ascendamus, sicut ille qui dicit: Haec recordatus sum et effudi in me animam meam, quonaim transibo in locum tabernaculi usque in domum Dei. Et: Memor fui Dei et delectatus sum, exercitatus sum, et defecit spiritus meus. Quid est quod dicit, concupiscit anima mea? Et iterum: Memor fui Dei et delectatus sum, et defecit spiritus meus? Quia in hac vita mortali aut potius in hac morte vitali comprendere, aut cogitate non sufficimus gloriam illam, quam nec oculus vidit, nec auris audivit, nec in cor hominis ascendit quae, Deus, praeparasti diligentibus te. Porro cum reformaverit Deus corpus humilitatis nostae configuratum corpori claritatis suae, tunc omnia implebit in nobis, qui omnia fecit pro nobis. Et hoc est quod Apostolus ait: Christus qui descendit, ipse est qui ascendit, ut adimpletet omnia quae adimplere voluit: nativitatem scilicet, resurrectionem, ascensionem, ut renascentes a peccato, resurgentes a morte animae resurgamus de virtue ad virtutem, donec videatur Deus deorum in Sion. Petrus Blenensis, Sermo XXIII, In Ascensione Domini Source: Migne PL 207.629b-d

If our treasure is with Christ, as the Apostle says, 'I know in whom I have believed and I am certain that He is able to guard what I have committed to Him against that day,' let our hearts be where our treasure us. Let us dispose ascents in our hearts, 1 and if we are not capable of ascending in the body, yet with remembrance and desire let us make a spiritual ascent to heaven, as he who says, 'These things I remembered and I poured out my soul in myself, because I shall pass into the place of the tabernacle, even to the house of God.' And again, 'I was mindful of God and I delighted, and I exerted myself, and my spirit fainted.' 2 What is this that the soul desires? And what is to remember God and to be delighted and to have the spirit faint? Because in this mortal life, or rather in this living death, we are not able to grasp or understand that glory 'which neither the eye has seen, nor the ear has heard, nor has it risen up in the heart of a man, what God has prepared for those who love Him.' 3 However when God refashions this body of our humility to a likeness of His own glorious body, 4 then He shall fulfill everything in us, He who has done everything for us. And this is what the Apostle says, 'Christ who descended is He who ascends, so that he might fulfill everything which He wishes to fulfill,' 5 that is, the Nativity, and the Resurrection, and the Ascension, so that being reborn from sin, and rising from the death of the soul, we may rise up 'from virtue to virtue, until the God of gods is seen in Sion.' 6 Peter of Blois, from Sermon 23, On The Ascension of the Lord 1 2 Tim 1.12, Mt 6.21, Ps 83.6 2 Ps 41.5, Ps 76.4 3 1 Cor 2.9 4 Phil 3.21 5 Ephes 4.10 6 Ps 83.8

Flying

Sed quid putamus, fratres, quomodo tunc repente de terris ad coelos evolare poterit, qui nunc exercitio et usu quotidiano volitare non didicerit? Si quaeris quo doctore, quo duce, numquid non Christus sicut aquila provocabat hodei ad volandum pullos suos, quando super eos volitabat, cum scilicet, videntibus illis elevaretur, diuque sequerentur oculis euntem in coelum? Poterat utique repente in ictu oculi, ex oculis eorum rapi, et ubi vellet, consitiui. Sed plane, sicut aquila provocans ad volandum pullos suos, et super eos volitans, et corda sursum levare post se nitebatur pollicebatur exemplo corporis sui: sicut Apostolus ait, aeterni, conscius mysterii, quia et nos bajluis nibibus rapiemur obviam Christo redeunti. Ipse quidem ascenit super Cherubim, et volvavit super pennas ventorum, id est, supergressus est virtutes Angelorum: tuae tamen condescendens infirmitati, expandet alas suas, et assumet te, atque portabit in humeris suis, si modo pullus degener non existas, ut a terra levari, et aura puriore perfruit non extimescas. Guerricus Ignaciensis, In Die Ascensionis Domini Sermo Source: Migne PL 185.156b-c

But what are we to think, brothers, how then shall a man be able to fly off suddenly from earth to heaven to whom now by daily custom and use flight is not given? If you seek some teacher, or some leader, shall it not be Christ who today like the eagle exhorts his little ones to fly when He hovers over them, when, that is, He is lifted up over those watching, and for a time their eyes follow him going into heaven? 1 And then He was able suddenly, and in the blink of an eye, to be taken from their eyes, and to be established where He wished. But certainly, as the eagle exhorts its young to fly by hovering over them, so He was able to teach with the example of His body that we should strive to lift up our hearts on high after Him, as the Apostle, conscious of eternal mysteries, says that even we shall be seized up in the cloud with Christ when He returns. 2 He who ascended over the Cherubim and flew on the wings of the wind, 3 that is, He who ascended over the powers of the angels, yet coming down to your infirmity, shall stretch out His wings, and He shall take you up and carry you on His shoulders, if you are not a degenerate offspring, so that you may be lifted off the earth, and you shall not fear to enjoy the purer air. Guerric of Igny, From a Sermon on the Ascension of the Lord 1 Deut 32.11, Acts 1.9-10 2 1 Thes 4.16 3 Ps 17.11