Signs And Showings

Et accesserunt ad eum Pharisaei et Sadducaei tentantes, et rogaverunt eum ut signum de coelo ostenderet eis. O quam duricordes! Signa quaerunt, quasi quae viderant opera Deitatis signa non fuerint. Sed quid quaerant ostendit Evangelista cum ait: Et rogaverunt ut signum de coelo ostenderet eis. Quaerebant ergo signum de coelo, ut jam supra, aut in morem Eliae, ignem de sublimi venire, aut in similitudinem Samuelis, aestivo tempore tonitrua concrepare, coruscare fulgura, imbres ruere, de quibus etiam supra dictum est, quasi non possent ista, et alia hujuscemodi calumniari ac dicere, ex occultis et variis aeris passionibus accidisse. Qua de causa sensus patet, quod non ob aliud de coelo quaerunt signum ut credant, sed ut ea quae secundo facta sunt de panibus, evacuent. Quanquam et in Evangelio Joannis monstretur eos post hoc miraculum de panibus, quaesisse ut manna more Moysi de coelo eis daret. Dicit enim Joannes eos ita dixisse: Quid ergo tu facis ut videamus et credamus tibi? Quid operaris? Patres nostri manna manducaverunt in deserto, sicut scriptum est: Panem de coelis dedit eis manducare. Ac si dicerent, ut qui multa millia hominum secundo pavisti in deserto paucis de panibus, fac in exemplum Moysi nobis manna venire de coelo, ut credamus tibi. Et hoc vere non de puritate fidei dixerunt, sicut nec patres eorum, quando dicebant: Nunquid panem poterit dare, aut parare mensam in deserto? Quae nimirum vox, non de credulitate venit, sicut nec istorum, sed de infidelitate et duritia cordis ut calumnientur et evacuent quae facta sunt a Domino, ne credentes salvi fiant. At ille respondens ait illis. Porro in Marco habetur quod ingemiscens spiritu dixerit: Generatio mala et adultera, praetermissis in medio quae Matthaeus commemorat, quoniam sicut supra turbam credentem coelestibus beneficiis refecturus, gratias agebat; ita nunc ob stultam Pharisaeorum non credentium perfidiam, et tentationis callidam fraudis petitionem, gemit et contristatur. Sanctus Paschasius Radbertus Corbeiensis, Expositio In Evangelium Matthaei, Liber VII, Caput XVI Source: Migne PL 120.550d-551b

And Pharisees and Sadducees came to Him to test Him, and they asked Him to show them a sign from heaven. 1 O what hard hearts. They seek a sign, as if what they saw of the works of the Lord were not signs. But why they sought the Evangelist shows when he says, 'And they asked Him to show them a sign from heaven.' Therefore they sought a sign from heaven as it was before, either in the manner of Elijah, that fire would come from the heights, or like Samuel when thunder sounded out a clear summer sky and lightening flashed and rain fell, which things have been spoken of above, as if they could not calumniate these things and those like them and say they happened because of various disturbances of the air. For which reason it is obvious that they did not seek a sign from heaven so that they might believe but so that they might make light of those things which had been done with bread. John says they spoke like this, 'What do you do that we might see and believe in you? What works? Our fathers ate manna in the desert, as it is written, 'He gave them bread from heaven to eat.' 2 As if they had said that He who had just fed with a few loaves of bread many thousands of men in the desert for a second time  should act 'in the manner of Moses for us and make manna come from heaven, so that we might believe in you.' And this was not said out any sort of pure faith, just like their fathers, who said, 'Can He give us bread or prepare a meal in the desert?' 3 Which voice, then came not from belief, just like those, but from faithlessness and a hard heart, so that they might calumniate and make light of the things the Lord had done, lest believing they be saved. 'He then answered them.' But Mark has it that He groaned in His spirit and said, 'A wicked and adulterous generation,' 4 passing over here what Matthew remembers, that the crowd who were to be refreshed with the heavenly benefactions gave thanks, and thus now because of the folly of the Pharisees, and not the treachery of believers, and their clever and deceitful request, He groaned and sighed. Saint Paschasius Radbertus, Commentary On The Gospel of Saint Matthew, Book 7, Chapter 16 1 Mt 16.1 2 Jn 6.30-31 3 Ps 77.19 4 Mk 8.1-12, Mt 15.31

The Amazed Crowd

Et factum est cum consummasset Jesus verba haec, admirabantur turbae super doctrinam ejus Quaenam turbae miratae dicuntur, cum superius ad eum soli discipuli legantur accessisse? Nisi quia aut turba discipulorum, ex quibus duodecim elegerat, dicitur admirate, quos, pernoctans in oratione, cum dies factus esset accesierat; aut certe cum descendisset, secundum Lucam, et stetisset in loco campestri, ubi et mulitudo plebis fuisse legitur. Tunc utique cum finisset eumdem sermonem quem jam forsitan supra habuerat, miratae dicuntur turbae, et non discipuli. Quia, discipulis fides potius et dilectio congruebat quam admiratio. Admiratio ergo signum est infidelitatis, qui necdum mens bene de virture Dei sentiens, stupet ad ea quae prius necdum crediderat. Prorsus et ideo fiunt miracula, ut mens ad ea commoveatur quatenus incipiat credere, et de illo cui nihil impossibile est, in nullo dubitate. Consummatio igitur sermonis plenitudo et integritas intelligatur doctrinarum, qui nihil imperfectionis habet sermo Christi. Sanctus Paschasius Radbertus Corbeiensis, Expositio In Evangelium Matthaei, Liber III, Caput VII Source: Migne PL 120.331c-332a

When Jesus had finished speaking these words, the crowd were amazed at His teaching. 1 How is it that the crowd are said to be amazed when previously it was said that only the disciples approached Him? 2 Either because it is the crowd of the disciples that are said to wonder, from which He chose the twelve, who after prayer through the night, when day had come, approached, or because, as Luke says, He went down and stood in the fields, where it is said the multitude of the people were. 3 Then when He had finished speaking there what perhaps He said above, then the crowd are said to be amazed, and not the disciples. And this is because faith and love are more befitting the disciples than amazement, and amazement is thus a sign of a lack of faith, when the mind does not rightly grasp the power of God, and it is astonished at the things in which it does not yet believe. Therefore when miracles are performed the mind is shaken and begins to believe, even that nothing is impossible for Him, and there is no doubt at all. Therefore the end of the speech is to be understood as the fullness and integrity of the teaching, for the word of Christ has no imperfection. Saint Paschasius Radbertus, Commentary On The Gospel of Saint Matthew, Book 3, Chapter 7 1 Mt 7.28 2 Mt 5.1 3 Lk 6.17-20

Losing The Light

Auferetur ab impiis lux sua. Neque enim eos nunc Dei lumen illustrat, qui iniquitatis suae malitiam fidei nomine palliant. Nam dum iuxta praedicationem fidei vivere negligunt, et tamen eamdem fidem specie tenus venerantur, honorem vitae praesentis ex nomine religionis quaerunt, hocque eis ex fide lucet, quod eos fides coram hominibus refovet. Sunt vero nonnulli, qui aeterna quae audiunt veraciter credunt, et tamen eidem quam tenent fidei male vivendo contradicunt. Habent hi quoque in tenebris lucem suam, quia dum perversa agunt, et tamen de Deo recta sentiunt, ne tenebrescant funditus, ex quadam parte fulgore luminis illustrantur. Qui dum plus terrena quam coelestia, plus quae vident quam quae audiunt, diligunt, pulsante persecutionis articulo, quod rectum credere videbantur amittunt. Quod illo maxime tempore multiplicius agitur, quando, surgente ipso iniquorum capite, in sanctam Ecclesiam persecutione ultima, liberis suis viribus eius fortitudo grassatur. Ibi tunc cor uniuscuiusque ostenditur, ubi quidquid in occultis latebat aperitur; et qui nunc ore sunt pii, et corde sunt impii, publicata malitia corruunt, et lucem fidei quam specie tenus tenuerant perdunt. Sed inter haec necesse est ut unusquisque nostrum ad cordis sui secretum redeat, et actionis suae damna pertimescat, ne, exigentibus meritis, per districtam iustitiam iudiciorum Dei in talium hominum numerum incurrat. Sanctus Gregorius Magnus, Moralia, sive Expositio in Job, Liber XXIX, Caput VII Source: Migne PL 76.484a-c

From the wicked their light shall be taken away. 1 For the light of God does not now shine on those who veil the malice of their iniquity with the name of faith. For while they neglect to live according to the preaching of faith, and yet in appearance reverence that same faith, they seek the honour of this present life under the name of religion, and this that is drawn from faith shines on them, since the faith endears them in the sight of men. But there are some who truly believe the eternal truths which they hear and yet by living wickedly contradict these same things they hold of the faith. They also have their light in darkness, for while they act perversely and yet think rightly about God, they are partially illuminated by brightness, lest they be sunk in darkness. And these while they love the things of earth more than those of heaven, and those that they see more than those they hear, when the time of persecution strikes them, they are seen to lose that right belief, which certainly shall be much more the case at the time of the last persecution when the head of the wicked himself rises against Holy Church, and with his boldness attacks it with unrestrained strength. Then the heart of each one shall be laid open, and whatever lays concealed shall be exposed, and they who are now holy in words and unholy in heart shall fall with their wickedness made public and lose the light of faith which they seemed to possess. And amidst all of this it is necessary for each of us to return to the secret place of his heart, and to fear the condemnation of his deeds, lest he fall as his merits demand by the strict justice of the judgments of God into the number of such men. Saint Gregory the Great, Moralia, or Commentary on Job, Book 29, Chapter 7 1 Job 38.15

The Scorned Man

Ὁ ἀθετούμενος ὑπὸ τινος, καὶ μήτε λόγῳ, μήτε ἐννοίᾳ τῷ ἀθετοῦντι φιλονεικῶν, γνῶσιν ἀλεηθῆ κέκτηται, καὶ πίστιν βεβαίαν ἐπιδείκνυται τῷ Δεσπότῃ. Ἅγιος Μάρκος ὁ Ἐρημίτης, Περὶ Τῶν Οἰομένων Ἐξ Ἔργων Δικαιοῦσθαι Source: Migne PG 65.948b

He who is scorned by another and does not dispute with him in word or thought, he is in possession of true knowledge and exhibits firm faith in the Lord. Saint Mark The Ascetic, On Those Who Think Themselves Justified By Works

Prayer And Receiving

Tunc accesserunt discipuli ad Jesum secreto, et dixerunt: Quare nos non potuimus ejicere illum? Hoc est quod alibi dicit: Quaecunque in nomine meo petieritis credentes, accipietis. Et ideo quotiescunque petentes non accipimus, non Salvatoris nostri est impossibilitas, sed cupla deprecantium, dum aut male petunt, aut non cum integra fide petunt. Nam curato lunatico tunc accesserunt secreto more suo, ut interrogarent eum, et instruerenur secrtius, quasi domestici. Quibus cum respondisset, quod propter incredulitatem eorum factum esset, docet et erudit eos quantam debeant habere fidem, et quid agendum sit in hoc opere cum fide. Sanctus Paschasius Radbertus Corbeiensis, Expositio In Evangelium Matthaei, Liber VIII, Caput XVII Source: Migne PL 120.595b-c

Then the disciples came to Jesus secretly, and said, 'Why could we not cast it out?' 1 In another place He says, 'Whatever you shall ask for in my name, believing, you shall receive.' 2 And therefore as many times as we do not receive what we ask for, it is not that it is impossible for our Saviour, but it is the fault of our praying, when we either ask badly or we do not ask in firm faith. When the lunatic had been cured they then came to Jesus in a secret manner so that they might question Him and be taught in secret, like servants. And He replied to them that it was on account of their lack of belief that it was so, and He teaches and instructs how much faith they should have, and how it must be done with faith. Saint Paschasius Radbertus, Commentary On The Gospel of Saint Matthew, Book 8, Chapter 17 1 Mt 17.18 2 Mt 21.22

Prayer And Faith And Doubt

Postulet autem in fide nihil haesitans. Id est, talem se exhibeat bene vivendo, ut dignus sit exaudiri dum postulat. Qui enim meminit se Domini non obtemperasse praeceptis, merito desperat Dominum suis intendere precibus. Scriptum est enim: Qui obturat aurem suam ne audiat legem, oratio ejus erit exsecrabilis. Qui enim haesitat, similis est fluctui maris qui a vento movetur et circumfertur. Qui mordente se conscientia peccati haesitat de perceptione praemiorum coelestium, facile ad impulsum tentationum statum fidei deserit, qua in tranquillitate Deo servire videbatur, et ad libitum hostis invisibilis, quasi ad flatum venti, per diversos vitiorum raptatur errores. Sanctus Beda, Super Divi Jacobi Epistolam, Caput I Source: Migne PL 93.12a

Let him ask in faith without doubt... 1 That is, let him show himself worthy by living well, so that he may be worthy of being heard when he makes his request. For he who is mindful that he has not obeyed the commandments of the Lord rightly despairs that the Lord listens to his prayers. It has been written, 'He who turns away his ear from hearing the law, his prayer shall be an abomination.' 2 He who doubts is like a wave of the sea which is moved by the wind here and there. He whose conscience is troubled by sin doubts the reception of the heavenly rewards, and the blow of temptation easily makes him lose his faith, which when he was at peace he seemed to guard for God, and at the whim of the invisible enemy, like a gust of wind, he is carried off by the errors of various vices. Saint Bede, Commentary on the Letter of Saint James, Chapter 1 1 James 1.6 2 Prov 28.9

The Promise Of The Transfiguration

Sunt quidam de hic stantibus qui non gustabunt mortem donec videant Filium hominis venientem in regno suo. Sermo itaque et promissio omnipotentis Dei, omni est repleta gaudio et consolatione in spe futurorum, eo quo sperare poterant omnes, qui prius promiserat universis de futuro; dum hic lici paucis, se firmat ostensurum, venientem in regno suo, antequam de proximo mortem gustarent. Et hoc quidem quia in ea claritate se tansformavit in monte coram discipulis, quos secum assumpsit, in qua venturum se promiserat in gloria Patris cum angelis suis. Et notandum quia regnum Christi, in quo venturus erat, ut eum viderent venientem in regno suo, ipse est gloria Patris; quia sicut regnum Christi, Patris est regnum: ita et gloria Patris Christi est gloria, quae ostenda est in monte, licet paucis, ut et ipsi qui viderant et caeteri qui audierant, illis repromissa se vidisse demum narrantibus, firmarentur ad fidem de filio hominis, quia visus est in gloria, quod ipse esset verus Filius Dei qui et filius hominis. Sanctus Paschasius Radbertus Corbeiensis, Expositio In Evangelium Matthaei, Liber VIII, Caput XVI Source: Migne PL 120.575a-b

There are some standing here who shall not taste death before they see the Son of Man coming in His kingdom. 1 This speech and promise of almighty God is full of all joy and comfort and hope for the future, because all are able to hope in what He promised for everyone in the future, while here it is given to a few whom He strengthens by showing them His coming in His kingdom before they taste death. And this is because He transfigured Himself in that brightness on the mount before His disciples who He took up with Him, in which He promised His coming in the glory of the Father and His angels. And it must be noted that the kingdom of Christ in which He shall come, so that they shall see Him coming in His kingdom, is the glory of the Father, because the kingdom of Christ is as the kingdom of the Father and thus the glory of the Father is the glory of the Son, which was shown on the mount to a few, so that they who saw and others who heard, who were told by those who saw what was promised, would be strengthened in faith concerning the Son of Man, because He was seen in His glory, that He is the Son of God who is the Son of Man. Saint Paschasius Radbertus, Commentary On The Gospel of Saint Matthew, Book 8, Chapter 16 1 Mt 16.28

Faith And Works

Ἡγοῦμαι μὲν μηδεμιᾶς ἑτέρας ὑμᾶς τῇ τοῦ Θεοῦ χάριτι παρακλήσεως δεῖσθαι, μετὰ τοὺς λόγους οὓς δἰ ἡμῶν αὐτῶν ἐποιησάμεθα πρὸς ὑμᾶς, παρακαλοῦντες ὑμᾶς πάντας τὴν ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ ζωὴν καταδέξασθαι εἰς μίμημα τῆς ἀποστολικῆς πολιτείας, ὃ καὶ ἐδέξασθε ὡς ἀγαθὸν δίδαγμα, καὶ ηὐχαριστήσατε δἰ αὐτὸ τῷ Κυρίῳ. Ἐπεὶ οὖν οὐχὶ ῥήματα ἦν τὰ παῤ ἡμῶν λαληθέντα, ἀλλὰ διδάγματα εἰς ἔργον προελθεῖν ὀφείλοντα ἐπὶ ὠφελείᾳ μὲν ὑμῶν τῶν ἀνεχομένων, ἐπ̓ ἀναπαύσει δὲ ἡμετέρᾳ τῶν ὑποθεμένων τὴν γνώμην, εἰς δόξαν δὲ καὶ ἔπαινον τοῦ Χριστοῦ, οὗ τὸ ὄνομα ἐπικέκληται ἐφ̓ ἡμᾶς, τούτου χάριν ἀπέστειλα τὸν ποθεινότατον ἡμῶν ἀδελφόν, ἵνα καὶ τὸ πρόθυμον γνωρίσῃ, καὶ τὸ νωθρὸν διεγείρῃ, καὶ τὸ ἀντιτεῖνον φανερὸν ἡμῖν καταστήσῃ. Πολλὴ γὰρ ἡ ἐπιθυμία καὶ ἰδεῖν ὑμᾶς συνηγμένους, καὶ ἀκοῦσαι περὶ ὑμῶν ὅτι οὐχὶ τὸν ἀμάρτυρον ἀγαπᾶτε βίον, ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον καταδέχεσθε πάντες καὶ φύλακες τῆς ἀλλήλων ἀκριβείας εἶναι καὶ μάρτυρες τῶν κατορθουμένων. Oὕτω γὰρ ἕκαστος καὶ τὸν ἐφ̓ ἑαυτῷ μισθὸν τέλειον ἀπολήψεται καὶ τὸν ἐπὶ τῇ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ προκοπῇ: ὃν καὶ λόγῳ καὶ ἔργῳ παρέχεσθαι ὑμᾶς ἀλλήλοις προσήκει ἐκ τῆς συνεχοῦς ὁμιλίας καὶ παρακλήσεως. Ἐπὶ πᾶσι δὲ παρακαλοῦμεν μεμνῆσθαι ὑμᾶς τῆς τῶν πατέρων πίστεως, καὶ μὴ σαλεύεσθαι ὑπὸ τῶν ἐν τῇ ὑμετέρᾳ ἡσυχίᾳ περιφέρειν ὑμᾶς ἐπιχειρούντων, εἰδότας ὅτι οὔτε πολιτείας ἀκρίβεια καθ̓ ἑαυτήν, μὴ διὰ τῆς εἰς Θεὸν πίστεως πεφωτισμένη, ὠφέλιμος, οὔτε ὀρθὴ ὁμολογία, ἀγαθῶν ἔργων ἄμοιρος οὖσα, παραστῆσαι ἡμᾶς δυνήσεται τῷ Κυρίῳ: ἀλλὰ δεῖ ἀμφότερα συνεῖναι, ἵνα ἄρτιος ᾖ ὁ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἄνθρωπος, καὶ μὴ κατὰ τὸ ἐλλεῖπον χωλεύῃ ἡμῶν ἡ ζωή. Πίστις γάρ ἐστιν ἡ σώζουσα ἡμᾶς, ὥς φησιν ὁ ἀπόστολος, δἰ ἀγάπης ἐνεργουμένη. Ἅγιος Βασίλειος ὁ Μέγας, Ἐπιστολή ΣϞE'  Source: Migne PG 32.1037c-1040a

I do not think that there is any further need to commend you to God's grace, after the words that I spoke to you in person, when I exhorted you all to adopt a life in common, in imitation of the of conduct of the Apostles, 1 which you received as good teaching, and gave thanks to the Lord for it. Since then your conduct was not so much due to the words I spoke, but to your putting them into practice, which was to the advantage of those who accepted them, and to my contentment who gave you the counsel, and to the glory and praise of Christ, by whose name we are called, because of this I have sent you a well beloved brother, that he may learn of your zeal and rouse your sloth, and make any resistance known to me. For my desire to see you all united is great, and to hear that you do not wish to live a life without witness, but rather that all of you are vigilant of each other's eagerness, and witnesses of each other's improvement. Thus will each of you receive the full reward, not only on his own behalf, but on the account of a brother's advance, for by word and deed you will be a source of profit to one another, on account of continuous association and encouragement. But above all I exhort you to be mindful of the faith of the Fathers, and not to be shaken by those who in your retreat would attempt to draw you away from it, for you are aware that the strictness of a life does not profit at all unless illuminated by faith in God, nor will a correct confession of faith, if it lacks good works, be able to set you before the Lord. Faith and works must be joined for the man of God to be perfect and for his life not fail through any defect. As the Apostle says, the faith that saves us works through love. 2 Saint Basil of Caesarea, Letter 295 1 Acts 2.44, 2 Galat 5.6

Faith And Mountains

Qui confidunt in Domino, sicut mons Sion : non commovebitur in aeternum, qui habitat in Jerusalem. Fides quae ad Deum est, stabilem facit vitam nec ullis tentationibus moveri potest, qui supra firmam petram suam construit domum. Quis est mons Sion nisi Christus, qui est in vertice montium, et elevabitur super colles, et fluent ad eum omnes gentes? Sion est Ecclesia, in qua speculum vitae et aeternitatis visio, cujus caput est Christus. Ecce quaerit iste ascensor spiritalium graduum, qualis sit ista Jerusalem, in qua sanctorum chorus habitat, et respondetur ei: Montes in circuitu ejus, et Dominus in circuitu populi sui, ex hoc nunc et usque in saeculum. Isti montes sunt angeli, sunt prophetae, et praedicatores sancti, qui muniunt istam Jerusalem. Et ne hoc tibi parvum videretur, quod tales montes habet in circuitu, statim subjunxit: Et Dominus in circuitu populi sui. Ecce quales habemus muros, quales munitiones, quales defensores! Maneamus intra septa Jerusalem, et non timeamus insidias diaboli, nec sagittas ejus, tales habentes defensores; et hoc non ad tempus, sed in aeternum, ideo dicit: Ex hoc nunc et usque in saeculum. Alcuinus, Expositio in Psalmos Graduales, Psalmus CXXIV Source: Migne PL 100.626a-c

They who trust in the Lord are like mount Sion. He who dwells in Jerusalem shall never be moved. 1 Faith in God makes life firm, and he who has established his house on His rock cannot be shaken by any trial. 2 Who is mount Sion but Christ, who is on the peak of the mountain, and is lifted up over the hills, and all the peoples flow to him? 3 Sion is the Church, in which is the mirror of life and the vision of eternity, and of which Christ is the head. Note that he who goes up the spiritual steps asks what this Jerusalem is in which the chorus of the saints dwell, and he is answered, Mountains encircle it, and the Lord is around his people, now and forever. These mountains are the angels and the prophets, and the holy preachers, who make the walls of this Jerusalem. And lest it seem to be a little thing to you, that such mountains surround it, immediately he adds, 'And the Lord is around His people.' Behold what walls we have, what bastions, what defenders. Let us remain in the boundaries of Jerusalem, and let us not fear the plots of the devil, nor his shafts, since we have such great defenders, and not only for a time but forever, and therefore it says, 'now and forever.' Alcuin of York, Commentary on the Gradual Psalms, from Psalm 124 1 Ps 124.1 2 Mt 7.24-27 3 Isaiah 2.2

Death And Life

Mortui enim estis, et vita vestra abscondita est cum Christo in Deo. Apud mundi sensum mortuus Christus videtur, et discipuli ejus, cum constet vivere illum cum his omnibus. Idcirco carnalibus ac mundanis abscondita est vita Christi et suorum in Deo extra mundum, in regno ejus coelesti, in quo vivunt. Cum Christus apparuerit vita vestra, tunc et vos apparebitis cum illo in gloria. Vita nostra Christus est; quia legimus in Actis apostolorum hunc esse vitae auctorem, qui a perfidis non creditur futurus judex. Cum autem advenerit in virtute coelesti, et visus fuerit esse, quod minime credebatur, tunc apparebunt cum illo etiam qui crediderunt in illum; et manifestabitur omni perfidiae, quia vivit cum suis in gloria. Haec consolatio fiduciam spei parit; ut securi de futura vita, omnia postponentes, Christum sequamur. Ambrosiaster, Commentaria In Epistolam ad Colossenses, Caput III Source: Migne PL 17.434b-c

For you are dead, and your life is hidden with Christ in God. 1 According to the understanding of the world Christ seems to be dead, and likewise His disciples, yet it is certain He lives on with all of them. Therefore the life of Christ and His followers is hidden to the carnal and the worldly in God outside the world. When Christ your life shall appear, then even you shall appear with Him in glory. Christ is our life, because we read in the Acts of the Apostles that He is the creator of life, He who the faithless do not believe will be the future judge. 2 But when He shall come in the power of heaven and He is seen, which few believed, then those who have believed in Him shall appear with Him, and every faithlessness shall be exposed, because He lives with His followers in glory. This is the consolation of firm hope, so that confident of the future we may set aside all other things and follow Christ. Ambrosiaster, Commentary On The Letter to The Colossians, Chapter 3 1 Colos 3.2 2 Acts 3.15

For The Benefit Of Souls

Ita ut elegit nos in ipso ane constitiutionem mundi, ut essemus sancti.. Ergo mysterio quod hic implevit, et carne, et cruce, et morte, et resurrectione, subventum est animis: etsi in Christo fides sumatur, ille suscipit hujusmodi animas et adjuvat et liberat. Christum enim credere, et in Christum fidem sumere, jam spiritaliter sentire, et jam tolli a desideriis carnalibus et materialibus: et ex hoc veluti cognatio intelligendi nos jungit et sociat Christo: et dum Christo sociaverit, inquit, et Deo. Per Christum enim Deo jungimur, neque spes ulla salutis nostrae nisi Christum credere. Hoc est spiritaliter jam sentire, et capere sensum, et mundi et materiae motibus non exagitari: quibus omnibus homo totus in spiritu vero est, et ex hoc jam in Christo est vita: cum autem in Christo vita est; jam mysterio acto a Christo recipimur, et per Christum in numerum filiorum suscipimur a Deo, spiritales facti, ut nos quoque de mundo resurgamus et de morte per Dei voluntatem, sed in Christo tamen. Hoc enim et nunc, et saepe et ubique praecipitur, ut in Christo tota sit vita nostra, tota spes, totus intelligendi labor. Omnis enim ratio aeternitatis nostrae et gloriae et salvationis, et Christus est, et in Christo est, si projicientes omnia spiritaliterque sentientes, separemus a nobis mundanas cogitationes, mundanos affectus, carnalia quodammodo desideria, carnales dignitates, carnales potestates, et mundi etiam velle potentias vel dignitates. Omne enim quidquid mundanum est, licet coeleste sit in mundo etiam vel aetherium vel quodlibet aliud divinum nominatur secundum mundum et aeternum, sed secundum mundum tamen, neque divinum est neque aeternum est; etenim materiale: et quicquid materiale est, et temporale est et caducum et corruptibile. Victorinus Afrus, In Epistolam Pauli ad Ephesios, Liber Primus, Caput I Source: Migne PL 8.1240c-1241a

Thus He chose us before the establishment of the world, so that we would be holy... 1 Therefore in a mystery He fulfills it, and the flesh and the cross and the death and the resurrection were for the benefit of souls. Even if we have taken up faith in Christ, He is the one who takes up souls and helps and frees them. For to believe in Christ and to take up faith in Christ is to understand spiritually, and so to be taken from carnal desires and things. And from this, with a certain likeness of understanding, we are joined and associated with Christ, and while we associate with Christ, he says, it is also with God. For it is through Christ that we are joined to God, and there is no hope of salvation unless to believe in Christ. This is to understand spiritually, and to grasp the sense, and not to be troubled by the changes of the world and matter, because of which the whole man becomes truly spiritual, and through this there is now life in Christ, and when there is life in Christ we are received by Christ in mystery, and through Him we are taken up into the number of the sons of God, having been made spiritual, so that we also rise up from the earth and from death by the will of God, but in Christ. Indeed here and now, and often and everywhere, it is exhorted that our whole life, our whole hope, the whole work of our understanding, should be in Christ. For every cause of our eternity and glory and salvation is Christ, and is in Christ, if advancing in all spiritual understanding we separate ourselves from worldly thought, and from worldly loves, and from every carnal desire and honour and power, and every office and dignity of the world. For everything worldly, even if named celestial, ethereal, or divine, is named according to the world and eternity, but according to the world there is nothing divine nor anything eternal, for matter, and whatever is of matter, is transient, and passes away and is corruptible. Victorinus Afrus, On the Letter of Saint Paul to the Ephesians, Book One, Chapter One 1 Ephes 1.4

The Wound Of Love

Ἐὰν εὕρητε τὸν ἀδελφιδόν μου, ἀπαγγείλατε αὐτῷ, ὅτι τετρωμένη ἀγάπης εἰμὶ ἐγώ. Kαλὰ δὲ εἶναι τῆς ἀγάπης τὰ τραύματα καὶ παρὰ τῆς Παροιμίας ἐμάθομεν ἥ φησιν Αἱρετὰ μὲν τοῦ φίλου τὰ τραύματα, κακὰ δὲ τῆς ἔχθρας καὶ τὰ φιλήματα. Tίς δὲ ὁ φίλος οὗ τὰ τραύματα τῶν φιλημάτων τοῦ ἐχθροῦ προτιμότερα, παντὶ δῆλόν ἐστι τῷ μὴ ἀγνοοῦντι τὰ τῆς σωτηρίας μυστήρια. Φίλος μὲν γάρ ἐστιν ἀληθινός τε καὶ βέβαιος ὁ καὶ ἐχθροὺς γενομένους ἡμᾶς τοῦ ἀγαπᾶν μὴ παυσάμενος, ἐχθρὸς δὲ ἄπιστός τε καὶ ἀνήμερος ὁ μηδὲν ἠδικηκότας ὑπαγαγὼν τῷ θανάτῳ. Tραῦμα τοῖς πρωτοπλάστοις ἐδόκει ἡ διὰ τῆς ἐντολῆς γενομένη τοῦ κακοῦ ἀπαγόρευσις, τραῦμα γὰρ ἐνομίσθη τοῦ ἡδέος ἡ ἀλλοτρίωσις, φίλημα δὲ ἡ πρὸς τὸ ἡδὺ καὶ εὐφανὲς προτροπή. Ἀλλ’ ἔδειξεν ἡ πεῖρα ὅτι τὰ νομιζόμενα τοῦ φίλου τραύματα τῶν φιλημάτων ἦν τοῦ ἐχθροῦ λυσιτελέστερά τε καὶ αἱρετώτερα. Ἐπεὶ οὖν συνέστησεν ἑαυτοῦ τὴν ἀγάπην ὁ καλὸς ἐραστὴς τῶν ἡμετέρων ψυχῶν, δι’ ἣν καὶ Ἁμαρτωλῶν ὄντων ἡμῶν Χριστὸς ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ἀπέθανε, διὰ τοῦτο ἀντερασθεῖσα ἡ νύμφη τοῦ ἀγαπήσαντος δείκνυσιν ἐν ἑαυτῇ ἐγκείμενον διὰ βάθους τῆς ἀγάπης τὸ βέλος, τουτέστι τὴν τῆς θεότητος αὐτοῦ κοινωνίαν· ἡ γὰρ ἀγάπη ἐστὶν ὁ θεός, καθὼς εἴρηται, ἡ διὰ τῆς κατὰ τὴν πίστιν ἀκίδος τῇ καρδίᾳ ἐγγενομένη. Eἰ δὲ χρὴ καὶ ὄνομα τοῦ βέλους εἰπεῖν τούτου, ἐροῦμεν ὃ παρὰ τοῦ Παύλου ἐμάθομεν ὅτι τὸ βέλος τοῦτό ἐστι Πίστις δι’ ἀγάπης ἐνεργουμένη. Ἅγιος Γρηγόριος Νύσσης, Ἐξηγησις Του Αἰσματος Των Ἀσμάτων, Ὁμιλία IΓ’ Source: Migne PG 44.1044b-d

If you should find my kinsman, say to him that I am wounded by love. 1 That the wounds of love are beautiful we have learnt from Proverbs, which says, 'The wounds of a friend are desirable, but the kisses of an enemy are evil.' 2 And the answer to the question of who the friend is whose wounds are more beneficial than the kisses of a foe is obvious to everyone who is not ignorant of the mysteries of salvation. The friend is the true and unshakable One who even when we were foes never stopped loving us, and the enemy is the faithless and savage one who brings death to those who have done him no harm. To the one who was first formed, the commandment’s prohibition of evil seemed a wound, since the separation from what gives pleasure was thought to be a wound, while a kiss is an incitement to what gives pleasure and appears good. But experience has shown that things thought as wounds from a friend are more profitable and more desirable than the kisses of an enemy. Since, then, the beautiful lover of our souls has commended His love, because of which 'Christ died for us when we were sinners,' 3 the bride, having returned her beloved's love, reveals the shaft of love deeply fixed within her, that is, her fellowship with the Deity. For God is love, 4 as it has been said, and He has come to dwell in the heart by the means of the shaft of faith. And if it is needful to give a name to this shaft, we repeat what we have learned from Paul, that this shaft is 'faith working through love.' 5 Saint Gregory of Nyssa, Commentary on The Song of Songs, from Homily 13 1 Song 5.8 2 Prov 27.6 3 Rom 5.8 4 1 Jn 4.8 5 Galat 5.6

Seeking Him

In simplicitate cordis quaerite illum; quoniam invenitur ab his qui non tentant illum, apparet autem eis qui fidem habent in illum. Et bene dixi : In simplicitate etc. quoniam invenitur, per gratiam in praesenti, secundum illus Canticorum tertio: Invenit quem diligit anima mea. Ab his qui non tentant illum... Aliud exterius praetendendo, aliud interius intendendo, sicut Scribae et Pharisaei Chrisum tentantes; et hoc dicit contra hypocrisim et duplicitatem; Matthaei vigesimo secundo, Quid me tentatis hypocritae? Apparet autem... Scilicet in futuro per gloriam; primae Ioannis tertio: Cum apparuerit, similes ei erimus; et ad Colossenes tertio: Cum autem Christus apparuerit, vita vestra, tunc et vos apparebitis cum ipso in gloria. His qui fidem habent in illum. hoc dicit contra haeresi et infidelitatem. Et nota, quod dicit: In illum, quid non sufficit credere illi vel illum, sed credere in illum, quod est actus fidei formatae, secundum Augustinum. Vel: invenitur propter devotionem affectus; apparet, per contemplationem intellectus; Psalmus: Gustate, affectu; videte, intellectu. Sanctus Bonaventura, Commentarius In Librum Sapientiae, Caput I Source: Here, 360d-e

Seek Him in simplicity of heart, for He is found by those who do not test Him, and He appears to those who have faith in Him. 1 Well it is said 'In simplicity' because He is found through grace in the present, according to the third chapter of the Song of Songs, 'My soul found him whom it loves.' 2 'By those who do not test Him...' Pretending one thing outwardly while intending another inwardly, as the Scribes and the Pharisees tested Christ, and this is said against hypocrisy and duplicity. In the twenty second chapter of Matthew, 'Why do you test me, hypocrites?' 3 'And He appears...' That is, in the future, in glory. In the third chapter of the first letter of John, 'When He appears we shall be like Him.' And in the third chapter of Colossians, 'When Christ shall appear, your life, then even you will appear with Him in glory.' 4 'To those who have faith in Him.' This is said against heresy and disbelief. Note that it says 'in Him,' because it is not enough to believe Him but to believe in Him, which is the act of mature faith, according to Augustine. 5 Otherwise we could say He is found according to the devotion of love, and He appears in the contemplation of the mind. In the Psalm, 'Taste,' with love, 'see,' with the understanding. 6 Saint Bonaventura, Commentary On Wisdom, Chapter 1 1 Wisdom 1.2-3 2 Song 3.4 3 Mt 22.18 4 1 Jn 3.2, Col 3.4 5 Aug, Tractate 29 On John, 6 6 Ps 33.9

Questioning Paternity

Et dicebant: Nonne hic est filius Joseph? Ecce hic secundum Chrysostomum tangitur effectus Verbi Dei in indevotis Scribis et Pharisaeis. Omnes enim de populo sanctificabant eum, et testimonium illi dabant. Soli autem Scribae et Pharisaei, ut dicit Chrysostomus, similes sunt terrae arenosae, quae quanto plus pluit, tanto magis aret. Et ideo maledicti sunt: sicut dicit Apostolus, ad Hebr. VI: Terra saepe venientem super se bibens imbrem, et generans herbam opportunam illis a quibus colitur, accipit benedictionem a Deo: proferens autem spinas ac tribulos, reproba est, et maledictioni proxima: cujus consummatio in combustionem ignis. Dividitur autem haec pars in tres partes: in quarum prima Scribarum et Pharisaeorum in paucis verbis innuit contemptum: in secunda autem Christus excludit ipsorum tacitam objectionem quam fecerunt, populum a fide concepta volentes avertere: in tertia autem aperta eorum ponitur malignitas, ad quam induxerunt populum, et quam volebant Domino violenter inferre. Primum horum est valde parvum, sed praegnans magna malignitate: Et dicebant, Supple, Scribae et Pharisaei ad populum qui jam fidem et devotionem conceperat, Nonne hic est. Despectionis nota est demonslratio ejus, quem nominare non sunt dignati. Sapient. ii: Gravis est nobis etiam ad videndum. Psal. xv: Nec memor ero nominum eorum per labia mea. Filius Joseph? Minus hic dicit Evangelista quod tam Matthaeo quam a Marco plenius sciverat esse positum. Matth.xiii, Nonne hic est fabri filius? Nonne mater ejus dicitur Maria, et fratres ejus, Jacobus, et Joseph, et Simon, et Judas: et sorores ejus, nonne omnes apud nos sunt? Marc vi: Nonne hic est faber, filius Mariae, frater Jacobi, et Joseph, et Judae, et Simonis? Haec omnia despective dicta sunt. Faber enim lignarius dicitur fuisse Joseph, arte et usu manuum victum quaerens, et non in otio et deliciis panem manducans, sicut Scribae et Pharisaei fecerunt. Maria etiam quam objiciunt ei quaestuaria fuit, ut dicit Hieronymus, colo et consilio manuum victum quaerens. Fratres autem vocant hic consobrinos ejus, filios sororis Beatae Virginis ex Cleopha patre, tres Apostolos Simonem, et Judam, et Jacobum minorem. Quartus autem Joseph fuit qui justus cognominabatur: qui cum Matthia sortes habuit quis eorum in locum Judse substitueretur. Et est sensus: Hic despectae et pauperrimae nativitatis faber lignarius vocatione, non potest esse Christus Dominus quem unxit Deus. Et ideo sibi non est credendum tam rusticano et tam vili. Sanctus Albertus Magnus Commentarium In Evangelium Lucam, Caput IV Source: Here p331-332

And they said, 'Is this not the son of Joseph?' 1 Observe that according to Chrysostom this touches upon the effect the Word of God had on the disbelieving Scribes and Pharisees. 'For all the people blessed Him and bore witness to Him.' 1 Only the Scribes and the Pharisees, as Chrysostom says, are like the dust of the earth, so that the more it rains, the more they thirst. And therefore they are cursed, as the Apostle says in the sixth chapter of the letter to the Hebrews, 'The earth which drinks down the rain which comes upon it and gives birth to plants in their seasons for those who till it, receives a blessing from God, but that which brings from forth thorns and thistles is reprobate and near to a curse, whose end is to be burnt with fire.' 2 This may be divided into three parts, in which first is made known in few words the contempt of the Scribes and Pharisees, in the second part Christ rejects the tacit objection they make, choosing to point to a people conceived by faith, and in in the third part is set down their malignity, to which they had led the people, and what they wished to bring violently on the Lord. The first part is very brief but bears much wickedness, 'And they said,' Understand that the Scribes and Pharisees said 'Is this not?' to the people who had just laid hold of faith and devotion, which demonstrates their scorn of Him whom they are not worthy to name. In the second chapter of Wisdom, 'The sight of Him is burdensome to us.' In the fifteenth Psalm, 'I shall not remember their names on my lips.' 3 'The son of Joseph?' Here the Evangelist says less than Matthew who wrote more extensively about what Mark set down. In the twelfth chapter of Matthew 'Is this man not the son of a carpenter? Is not his mother named Mary and his brothers, Jacob and Joseph and Simon and Judas, and do not his sisters dwell among us?' In the sixth chapter of Mark, 'Is this not the carpenter, the son of Mary, the brother of Jacob and Joseph and Judas and Simon?' 4 This is all said disrespectfully. Is it said that Joseph was a carpenter, seeking his living with the work of his hands, and not in leisure and pleasure eating his bread, as the Scribes and Pharisees did. Mary they object to as a woman for hire, as Jerome says, who with her spinning and counsel made her living. Those called his brothers here are his cousins, the sons of the sister of the Blessed Virgin, who had Cleophas for a father, the three Apostles Simon, Judas and James the less. Joseph, the fourth one, was surnamed the Just, who with Matthias had the lots cast for the replacement of Judas. 5 This is the sense of what they said, that the occupation of carpenter entails a base and impoverished birth and it is not possible for Him to be the Lord Christ whom God anointed, and therefore one should not believe in one so rustic and common. Saint Albert The Great, Commentary On The Gospel of St Luke, Chapter 4 1 Lk 4.22 2 Heb 6.7-8 3 Wisd 2.15, Ps 15.4 4 Mt 13.55-56, Mk 6.3 5 Acts 1.23-26

Raising The Dead

In repromissione etiam Dei non haesitavit diffidentia, sed confortatus est fide, dans gloriam Deo: plenissime sciens, quia quaecumque promisit, potens est et facere. Ideo et reputatum est illi ad justitiam. Non est autem scriptum tantum propter ipsum quia reputatum est illi ad justitiam: sed et propter nos, quibus reputabitur credentibus in eum, qui suscitavit Jesum Christum Dominum nostrum a mortuis, qui traditus est propter delicta nostra, et resurrexit propter justificationem nostram. Inquirendum sollicite est quid est quod Apostolus in hoc loco Deum nominans cui credimus et cui Abraham credidit, non dixit, credentibus in Deum excelsu, vel in Deum qui feit coelum et terram; sed tantum, qui suscitavit Dominum Jesum a mortuis. Nimirum quia multum magnificentius est in laudem Dei Dominum Jesum Christum suscitare a mortuis quam creare coelum et terram. Illud enim fuit facere quae non erant; hoc autem est reparare quae perierant. Illud fuit nova instituere; istud fuit perdita restituere. Cujus rei mysterium jam in fide Abrahae praecesserat, cum jussus filium immolare, credidit, sicut dicit Scriptura, quia et a mortuis potens est suscitare Deus. Propter hoc gaudens unicum offerebat, quia in eo non interitum posteritatis, sed reparationem mundi et innovationem totius creaturae cogitabat, quae per resurrectionem Domini futura erat. Hoc ergo modo competenter videbitur habita comparatio fidei Abrahae, et eorum qui credunt in Deum, qui suscitavit Dominum Jesum Christum; quia quod ille credidit futurum, nos credimus factum. Qui traditus est propter delicta nostra, et resurrexit propter justificationem nostram. Mors Christi et significat, et exigit mortificationem veteris hominis nostri, et resurrectionem ad justitiam. Propter quod implacabiliter exesum habere debet homo peccatum suum, propter quod scit traditum esse Dominum suum. Nemo ergo fidem quam habet in eum, arbitretur sibi reputandum ad justitiam, nisi depositio veteri homine cum actibus suis, et novo induto, conformem et comparticipem se fecerit mortis ejus et resurrectionis. Alioqui nulla conventio injustitae ad justitiam. Guillelmus S Theodorici Abbas, Expositio In Epistolam Ad Romanos, Liber II, Caput IV Source: Migne PG 180.588d-590a

Indeed he did not hesitate in distrust of the promise of God, but was strengthened in faith, giving glory to God, fully assured that whatever He has promised, He is able to perform. And therefore it was reputed to him as righteousness. And that was not written only for him, that it was reputed to him as righteousness, but also for us, for it shall be reputed to the believers of Him who raised up Jesus Christ our Lord from the dead, He who was given up for our sins and rose again for our justification. 1 One must enquire carefully why it is that in this place when the Apostle names God, whom we believe in and whom Abraham believed in, he does not say, 'to the believers in God most high,' or 'in God who made heaven and earth,' but only He who raised up the Lord Jesus from the dead. Certainly it is because it is more magnificent for the praise of God to raise up the Lord Jesus Christ from the dead than to create heaven and earth. The latter is to make what was not, the former to repair what has been destroyed. The latter was to establish something new, the former to restore what had been ruined. Already Abraham had preceded the mystery of this in faith, when he was commanded to sacrifice his son, and he believed, as Scripture says, 'that God can raise up the dead.' 2 Because of this, rejoicing, he offered up his only son, because in that was not the ruin of posterity but he thought of the repair the world and renewal of  all created things, which was through the resurrection of the Lord in the future. This therefore seems to have its fitting comparison with the faith of Abraham, and with those who believe in God, who raised up the Lord Jesus Christ, because Abraham believed for the future, and we believe it as something done. 'He who was delivered up for our sins and rose again for our justification.' The death of Christ even signifies and demands the mortification of our old man, and the resurrection to righteousness. Because of which a man should be implacable in scouring off his sin, since he knows that on account of them his Lord was handed over. No one, therefore, who has faith in Him, should judge himself to be reckoned as righteous unless having deposed of the old man with his deeds, and having put on the new man, he is conformed and made a fellow participant in His death and resurrection. There is no gathering of the unrighteous to righteousness. 3 William of St Thierry, Commentary on Saint Paul's Letter to the Romans, Book 2, Chapter 4 1 Rom 4.20-25 2 Heb 11.19 3 Ephes 4.22, Phil 3.10, Ps 1.5

Faith And The End

Φωτὸς δὲ ἀνὰ μέσον καὶ τοῦ σκότους, οὐδὲ ἕν. Ἐν δὲ τῇ ἀναστάσει τῶν πιστευόντων ἀπόχειται τὸ τέλος· τὸ δὲ οὐχ ἄλλου τινός ἐστι μεταλαδεῖν, ἀλλ᾽ ἢ τῆς προωμολογημένης ἐπαγγελίας τυχεῖν. Μὴ γὰρ κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν χρόνον ἅμα ἄμφω συνίστασθα!ί φαμεν, τὴν τε πρὸς τὸ πέρας ἄφιξιν καὶ τῆς ἀφέξεως τὴν πρόληψιν· οὐ γάρ ἔστι ταὐτὸν αἰὼν καὶ χρόνος· οὐδὲ μὴν ὁρμὴ καὶ τέλος, οὐχ ἔστι" περὶ ἕν δὲ ἄμφω: καὶ περὶ ἄμφω ὁ εἷς καταγίνεται. Ἔστι γοῦν, ὡς εἰπεῖν, ὁρμὴ μὲν ἡ πίστις ἐν χρόνῳ γεννωμένη τέλος δὲ τὸ τυχεῖν τῆς ἐπαγγελίας, εἰς αἰῶνας βεδαιούμενον. Αὐτὸς δὲ ὁ Κύριος σαφέστατα τῆς σωτηρίας τὴν ἰσότητα ἀπεκάλυψεν, εἰπών· Τοῦτο γάρ ἐστι τὸ θέλημα τοῦ Πατρός μου, ἵνα πᾶς ὁ θεωρῶν τὸν Υιὸν, καὶ πιστεύων ἐπ᾿αὑτὸν ἔχῃ ζωὴν αἰώνιον· καὶ ἀναστήσω αὐτὸν ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῇ ἡμέρᾳ. Καθόσον μὲν οὖν δυνατὸν ἐν τῷδε τῷ κόσμῳ, ὃν ἐσχάτην ἡμέραν ἡνίξατο, εἰς τότε τηρούμενον ὅτε παύσηται, τελείους ἡμᾶς γενέσθαι πιστεύομεν. Πίστις γὰρ μαθήσεως τελειότης· διὰ τοῦτό φησιν· Ὁ πιστεύων εἰς τὸν Υἱὸν, ἔχει ζωὴν αἰώνιον. Ἐΐ τοίνυν οἱ πιστεύσαντες ἔχομεν τὴν ζωὴν, τί περαιτέρω τοῦ κεκτῆσθαι ζωὴν ἀΐδιον ὑπολείπεται; Οὐδὲν δὲ ἐνδεῖ τῇ πίστει, τελείᾳ οὔσῃ ἐξ αὑτῆς καὶ πεπληρωμένη. Εἰ δὲ ἐνδεῖ τι αὐτῇ, οὖχ ἔστιν ὁλοτελῆς οὐδὲ πίστις ἐστὶ σκάζουσα περί τι· οὐδὲ μετὰ τὴν ἐνθένδε ἀποδημίαν ἀναμένει τοὺς πεπιστευχότας, ἀδιακρίτως ἐνταῦθα ἡῤῥαβωνισμένους. Ἐκεῖνο δὲ τὸ πιστεῦσαι ἤδη προειληφότες ἐσόμενον μετὰ τὴν ἀνάστασιν ἀπολαμβάνομεν γενόμενον· ὅπως τ' ἂν ἐκεῖνο πληρωθῇ τὸ λεχθέν· Γενηθήτω κατὰ τὴν πίστιν σου. Οὗ δὲ ἡ πίστις; ἐνταῦθα ἡ ἐπαγγελία τελείωσις δὲ ἐπαγγελίας ἡ ἀνάπαυσις. Ὥστε ἡ μὲν γνῶσις ἐν τῷ φωτίσματι, τὸ δὲ πέρας τῆς γνώσεως, ἡ ἔσχατον νοεῖται ὁρεκτόν. Καθάπερ᾽ οὖν τῇ πείρᾳ ἣ ἀπειρία καταλύεται, καὶ τῷ πόρῳ ἡ ἀπορία· οὕτως ἀνάγκη τῷ φωτισμῷ ἐξαφανίζεσθαι τὸ σκότος" ἡ ἄγνοια δὲ τὸ σκότος, καθ᾽ ἣν περιπίπτομεν τοῖς ἁμαρτήμασιν, ἀμβλυωποῦντες περὶ τὴν ἀλήθειαν· φωτισμὸς ἄρα ἡ γνῶσίς ἐστιν, ὁ ἐξαφανίξων τὴν ἄγνοιαν, καὶ τὸ διορατιχὸν ἐντιθείς. ᾿Αλλὰ καὶ ἡ τῶν χειρόνων ἀποβολὴ τῶν κρειττόνων ἐστὶν ἀποκάλυψις. Ἃ γὰρ ἣ ἄγνοια συνέδησε κακῶς, ταῦτα διὰ τῆς ἐπιγνώσεως ἀναλύεται καλῶς τὰ δὲ δεσμὰ ταῦτα, ἧ τάχος, ἀνίεται·πίστει μὲν ἀνθρωπίνῃ, θεϊχῇ δὲ τῇ χάριτι· ἀφιεμένων τῶν πλημμελημάτων ἑνὶ Παιωνίῳ φαρμάκῳ, Λογικῷ βαπτίσματι. Πάντα μὲν οὖν ἀπολουόμεθα τὰ ἁμαρτήματα, οὐκέτι δὲ ἐσμεν παρὰ πόδας κακοί. Μία χάρις αὕτη τοῦ φωτίσματος, τὸ μὴ τὸν αὐτὸν εἶναι τῷ πρὶν ἣ λούσασθαι τὸν τρόπον. Ὅτι δὲ ἡ γνῶσις συνανατέλλει τῷ φωτίσματι, περιαστράπτουσα τὸν νοῦν, καὶ εὐθέως ἀκούομεν μαθηταὶ οἱ ἁμαθεῖς· πότερόν ποτέ τῆς μαθήσεως ἐκείνης προσγενομένης; οὗ γὰρ ἂν ἔχοις εἰπεῖν τὸν χρόνον· ἡ μὲν γὰρ κατήχησις εἰς πίστιν περιάγει, πίστις δὲ, ἅμα βαπτίσματι ἁγίῳ παιδεύεται Πνεύματι· ἐπεὶ ὅτι γε μία καθολικὴ τῆς ἀνθρωπότητος σωτηρία, ἡ πίστις, ἰσότης δὲ καὶ κοινωνία τοῦ δικαίου καὶ φιλανθρώπου Θεοῦ, ἣ αὐτὴ πρὸς πάντας, ὁ ᾿Απόστολος σαφέστατα ἐξηγήσατο, ὧδέ πως εἰπών Πρὸ τοῦ δὲ ἐλθεῖν τὴν πίστιν, ὑπὸ γόμον ἐφρουρούμεθω, συγκλειόμενοι εἷς τὴν μέλλουσαν πίστιν ἀποκαλυφθῆγαι. Ὥστε ὁ νόμος παιδαγωγὸς ἡμῶν γέγoνεν εἰς Χριστὸν, ἵνα ἐκ πίστεως δικαιωθῶμεν· ἐλθούσης δὲ τῆς πίστεως, οὐκέτι ὑπὸ παιδαγωγὸν ἐσμεν. Οὐκ ἀκούετε, ὅτι ὑπ᾽ ἐκεῖνον τὸν νόμον οὐκέτι ἐσμὲν, ὃς ἣν μετὰ φόβου· ὑπὸ δὲ τὸν Λόγον, τῆς προαιρέσεως τὸν Παιδαγωγόν; Εἶτα μέντοι ἐπῆγαγε τὴν ἁπάσης ἐκτὸς προσωποληψίας φωνήν Πάντες γὰρ υἱοί ἐστε διὰ πίστεως Θεοῦ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ· ὅσοι γὰρ εἰς Χριστὸν ἐβαπτείσθητε, Χριστὸν ἐνεδύσασθε· οὐκ ἔνι Ιουδαῖος οὔτε “Ελλην· οὐκ ἔνι δοῦλος, οὔτε ἐλεύθερος· οὐκ ἔνι ἄρσεν καὶ θῆλυ· πάντες γὰρ ὑμεῖς εἷς ἐστε ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ. Κλήμης ὁ Ἀλεξανδρεύς, Ὁ Παιδαγωγός, Λόγος Πρώτος, Κεφ Ϛ’ Source: Migne PG 8.284b-288a

There is nothing between light and darkness. But the end is reserved till the resurrection of the faithful, and it is not the reception of something else but the obtaining of the promise previously made. For we do not say both the arrival at the end and the anticipation of that arrival happen at the same time, for eternity and time are not the same, neither is the attempt and the result, but both concern the same thing, and the one and the same person is involved in both. Faith, so to speak, is the attempt generated in time and the attainment of the promise is the result secured for eternity. Now the Lord Himself has most clearly revealed the equality of salvation, saying, 'For this is the will of my Father, that everyone that sees the Son and believes in Him, shall have everlasting life, and I will raise him up on the last day.' 1 As far as it is possible in this world we believe we are to be perfect, which is expressed by the last day, and which is preserved until the time when it will end. Thus He says, 'He who believes in the Son has everlasting life.' 2 If, then, those who have believed have life, what remains beyond the possession of eternal life? In faith there is nothing lacking, it is perfect and complete in itself. If anything is lacking, it is not wholly perfect. But faith is not defective in any respect, it does not make us wait after our departure from here, we who have believed and received without distinction the token of future good, but having in anticipation grasped that which is to come by faith, we receive it as present after the resurrection, in order that that may be fulfilled which was spoken, 'Let it be according to your faith.' 3 And where faith is, there is the promise, and the consummation of the promise is peace. As in illumination there is knowledge, and the end of knowledge is the last thing hoped for. Just as, then, inexperience comes to an end by experience, and confusion by clarity, so darkness must be dispelled by illumination, and the darkness is ignorance, by which we fall into sins, blind to the truth. Knowledge is the illumination we receive which dispels ignorance and bestows clear vision on us, for the abandonment of what is bad comes with the adoption of what is better. For what ignorance has bound badly, is released well by understanding, and with those bonds quickly slackened by human faith and Divine grace, our transgressions are taken away by one Paeonian medicine, the baptism of the Word. Then we are cleansed from all our sins and no longer have lame feet. This is the one grace of illumination, that our characters are not the same as before our washing. And since knowledge springs up with illumination, pouring its beams into the mind, the moment we hear, we who were untaught become disciples. Does this, I ask, take place at the advent of this instruction? You cannot tell the time. For instruction leads to faith, and faith with baptism is trained by the Holy Spirit. For that faith is the one universal salvation of humanity, and the Apostle most clearly showed that there is the same equality before the righteous and loving God, and the same fellowship between Him and all,  by speaking in this way, 'Before faith came we were kept under the law, shut out from the faith which should afterwards be revealed, so that the law became our schoolmaster to bring us to Christ, that we might be justified by faith, but after that faith has come, we are no longer under a schoolmaster.' Do you not hear that we are no longer under that law which was accompanied with fear, but under the Word, the master of free choice? Then he added the statement, clear of all partiality, 'For you are all the children of God through faith in Jesus Christ. For as many as were baptized into Christ have put on Christ. There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor freeman, there is neither male nor female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus.' 4 Clement of Alexandria, The Teacher, Book 1, Chapter 6 1 Jn 6.40 2 Jn 3.36 3 Mt 9.29 4 Galat 3.23-28

The House On A Rock

Simulabo eum viro sapienti, qui aedificavit domum suam supra petram, et descendit pluvia, et venerunt flumina, et flaverunt venti... Sicut enim non est possibile, ut ex sola pluvi fructicet terra, nisi falverit super eam ventus: sic non est possibile, ut sola doctrina corrigat hominem, nisi cooperatrus fuerit Spiritus sanctus in corde ipsius. Flumen autem sunt, ex parte quidem mala, hominis immundo spiritu pleni, et in verbositate structi: quales sunt philosophi dogmatum diversorum, ortators, grammatici, caeterique non secundum Deum sapientes: de quorum ventre exeunt flumina aquae mortuae. Ex parte autem bona, evangelistae, doctores populi, caeterique sapientes secundum Deum: de quorum ventre exeunt flumina aquae vivae. Ecclesiam ergo, quam Christus vir sapiens super petram aedificavit, neque pluvia mendacis doctrinae corrumpit, neque diabolicus ventus impelit, neque violentorum fluminum impetus movet. Nam etsi humiliater Ecclesia propter tenationem, tamen perire non potest propter fidem Christi. Nec est contrarium, quod quidam de Ecclesia cadunt: illi enim numquam Christiani fuerunt. Sicut non omnes qui sunt ex Israel, hi sunt Israelitae: sic non omnes qui Christiani dicuntur, sunt et Christi. Christianorum enim opera sunt aspicienda, non nomina. Dicit enim Apostolus: Cognovit Dominus qui sunt ipsius; et discedat ab iniquitate omnis qui invocat nomen Domini Opus Imperfectum in Matthaeum, Homilia XX Source: Migne PG 56.678-9

'I shall liken him to a wise man who built his house on a rock and the rains fells and the floods came, and the winds blew...' 1 As it not possible that the earth is fructified by rain alone but a wind must blow upon it, so it is not possible that teaching alone will correct a man unless the Holy Spirit works in his heart. There are rivers which are bad, which are men full with unclean spirits and fashioned by verbosity, like the philosophers of the various schools, and orators and grammarians, and the rest who are not wise according to God, and from their stomachs pour out the river waters of death. And there are good rivers, the evangelists, teachers of the people, and others who are wise according to God, from which flow the waters of life. 2 The Church, therefore, which the wise man Christ built on a rock, 3 is not corrupted by the rains of false teaching, nor shaken by the devil's wind, not does the force of raging rivers move it. For even if the Church is humiliated in trials yet it cannot perish because of faith in Christ. On the contrary when some of the Church fall, they never were Christians, since as not all from Israel are Israelites, 4 so not all who are called Christians belong to Christ. The works of Christians must be seen not just the name. The Apostle says, 'God knows who are His, and He shall cut off from every wickedness the one who calls on the name of the Lord.' 5 Opus Imperfectum on Matthew, from Homily 20 1 Mt 7.24-25 2 Jn 7.38 3 Mt 16.18 4 Rom 9.6 5 2 Tim 2.19

Likenesses Of Gold

Ὁμοιώματα χρυσίου ποιήσομέν σοι μετὰ στιγμάτων τοῦ ἀργυρίου... Ἄξιον δὲ τοῦτο μὴ παραδραμεῖν ἀθεώρητον, τί δή ποτε οὐκ αὐτὸ τὸ χρυσίον εἰς κόσμον παραλαμβάνεται ἀλλὰ τοῦ χρυσίου τὰ ὁμοιώματα καὶ οὐκ αὐτὸς ὁ ἄργυρος ἀλλὰ τὰ ἐκ τῆς ὕλης ταύτης τῷ ὁμοιώματι τοῦ χρυσίου ἐγκροτούμενα στίγματα. Ὃ τοίνυν περὶ τούτων ὑπενοήσαμεν τοιοῦτόν ἐστι· πᾶσα ἡ περὶ τῆς ἀρρήτου φύσεως διδασκαλία, κἂν ὅτι μάλιστα δοκῇ θεοπρεπῆ τινα καὶ ὑψηλὴν ἐμφαίνειν διάνοιαν, ὁμοιώματα χρυσίου ἐστίν, οὐκ αὐτὸ τὸ χρυσίον· οὐ γὰρ ἔστι παραστῆσαι δι’ ἀκριβείας τὸ ὑπὲρ ἔννοιαν ἀγαθόν. Kἂν Παῦλός τις ᾖ ὁ ἐν παραδείσῳ μυηθεὶς τὰ ἀπόρρητα, κἂν τῶν ἀλαλήτων ῥημάτων ἐπακροάσηται, ἀνέκφραστα μένει περὶ θεοῦ τὰ νοήματα· ἄρρητα γάρ φησιν εἶναι τῶν νοημάτων τούτων τὰ ῥήματα. Oἱ τοίνυν λογισμούς τινας ἡμῖν ἀγαθοὺς ἐντιθέντες περὶ τῆς τῶν μυστηρίων κατανοήσεως αὐτὸ μὲν εἰπεῖν ὅπως ἔχει φύσεως ἀδυνατοῦσι, λέγουσι δὲ ἀπαύγασμα δόξης, χαρακτῆρα ὑποστάσεως, μορφὴν θεοῦ, λόγον ἐν ἀρχῇ, λόγον θεόν· ἅπερ πάντα ἡμῖν μὲν τοῖς ἀθεάτοις ἐκείνου τοῦ θησαυροῦ χρυσίον δοκεῖ, τοῖς δὲ δυναμένοις ἀναβλέπειν πρὸς τὴν ἀλήθειαν ὁμοιώματά ἐστι χρυσίου καὶ οὐ χρυσὸς ἐν τοῖς λεπτοῖς τοῦ ἀργυρίου διαφαινόμενος στίγμασιν. Ἀργύριον δὲ ἡ ῥηματικὴ σημασία ἐστί, καθώς φησιν ἡ γραφὴ Ἄργυρος πεπυρωμένος γλῶσσα δικαίου. Tὸ τοίνυν διὰ τούτων δηλούμενον τοιοῦτόν ἐστιν ὅτι ἡ θεία φύσις πάσης ὑπέρκειται καταληπτικῆς διανοίας. Tὸ δὲ περὶ αὐτῆς ἡμῖν ἐγγινόμενον νόημα ὁμοίωμά ἐστι τοῦ ζητουμένου· οὐ γὰρ αὐτὸ δείκνυσιν ἐκείνου τὸ εἶδος, ὃ οὔτε τις εἶδεν οὔτε ἰδεῖν δύναται, ἀλλὰ δι’ ἐσόπτρου καὶ δι’ αἰνίγματος ἔμφασίν τινα σκιαγραφεῖ τοῦ ζητουμένου ἔκ τινος εἰκασμοῦ ταῖς ψυχαῖς ἐγγινομένην. Πᾶς δὲ λόγος τῶν τοιούτων νοημάτων σημαντικὸς στιγμῆς τινος ἀμεροῦς δύναμιν ἔχει μὴ δυνάμενος ἐμφῆναι ὅπερ ἡ διάνοια βούλεται· ὡς εἶναι πᾶσαν μὲν διάνοιαν κατωτέραν τῆς θείας κατανοήσεως, πάντα δὲ λόγον ἑρμηνευτικὸν στιγμὴν βραχεῖαν δοκεῖν μὴ δυνάμενον τῷ πλάτει τῆς διανοίας συνεπεκτείνεσθαι. Tὴν οὖν διὰ τῶν τοιούτων νοημάτων χειραγωγουμένην ψυχὴν πρὸς τὴν τῶν ἀλήπτων περίνοιαν διὰ μόνης πίστεως εἰσοικίζειν ἐν ἑαυτῇ λέγει δεῖν τὴν πάντα νοῦν ὑπερέχουσαν φύσιν. Ἅγιος Γρηγόριος Νύσσης, Ἐξηγησις Του Αἰσματος Των Ἀσμάτων, Ὁμιλία Γ’ Source: Migne PG 44.969d-972c

We will make for you likenesses of gold with silver studs... 1 It is important not to pass over this unexamined, why it is that it is not gold itself but likenesses of gold which are taken as adornments, and not silver itself but studs of that material which have been struck into the likenesses of gold. The underlying meaning here is this, that all teaching about the ineffable Nature amounts to likenesses of gold, and is not gold itself, even though it seems to exhibit an understanding that is sublime and worthy of God, for it is not possible to set out with any exactitude the Good that is above thought. Even though a certain Paul was initiated into things unspeakable in paradise, even though he heard unutterable words, his thoughts concerning God remain inexpressible, for he says that the words for these thoughts cannot be spoken. 2 So it is that those who provide us with good thoughts regarding the mysteries are not able to say what they are according to their nature, but they say, 'radiance of glory,' 'stamp of the substance,' 'form of God,' 'Word in the beginning,' 'Word Divine,' 3 and to those of who do not see all these expressions seem like the gold of that treasure, but to those who are capable of looking up toward the truth, they are likenesses of gold, and not gold, that appears amid the little studs of silver. Silver is verbal signification, as when Scripture says, 'As silver tried in fire is the tongue of a righteous man.' 4 What, then, is meant by these words is this, that the Divine Nature transcends the capability of our mind. Our thought concerning it is a likeness or image of what is sought, for it does not reveal the form of what no one has seen or can see, but writes darkly, in a mirror and in mystery, 5 what we seek, which is born in our souls from some conjecture. All speech that refers to such thoughts has the power of some indivisible mark, since it is unable to make manifest what the mind intends. Thus all our thinking is inferior to the Divine understanding, and every explanatory word of speech seems to be a small stud that cannot encompass the breadth of understanding. The soul, then, that is led by such thoughts to an awareness of things that cannot be grasped must by faith alone bring with itself the nature that transcends all understanding. Saint Gregory of Nyssa, Commentary on The Song of Songs, from Homily 3 1 Song 1.11 2 2 Cor 12.3–6 3 Heb 1.3, Phil 2.6, Jn 1.1 4 Prov 10.20 5 1 Cor 13.12

Considerations Of Saffron

Nάρδος καὶ κρόκος κάλαμος καὶ κιννάμωμον μετὰ πάντων ξύλων τοῦ Λιβάνου σμύρνα αλωθ μετὰ πάντων πρώτων μύρων Ὑπόλοιπον δ’ ἂν εἴη τοῦ κρόκου τὸ αἴνιγμα παραστῆσαι τῷ λόγῳ. Φασὶ μὲν οὖν οἱ τὴν δύναμιν τοῦ ἄνθους τούτου κατανοήσαντες μέσως ἔχειν ψύξεώς τε καὶ θερμότητος καὶ τῷ φεύγειν τὴν ἐφ’ ἑκάτερον ἀμετρίαν παρηγορικὴν τῶν ὀδυνῶν ἔχειν τὴν δύναμιν, ὡς διὰ τούτου τάχα τὸν περὶ τῆς ἀρετῆς ἡμῖν λόγον φιλοσοφεῖν τῷ αἰνίγματι, διότι πᾶσα ἀρετὴ δύο κακιῶν ἐστι μέση, τῆς τε ἐλλείψεως τοῦ καλοῦ καὶ τῆς ὑπερπτώσεως. Oἷον τὴν ἀνδρείαν ἢ τὴν ἐλευθερίαν φασί, τὴν μὲν δειλίας τε καὶ θρασύτητος, τὴν δὲ μικρολογίας τε καὶ ἀσωτίας ἐν μέσῳ θεωρεῖσθαι· καὶ τὴν μὲν δειλίαν τε καὶ μικρολογίαν κατ’ ἔλλειψιν τοῦ καθήκοντος ἐν κακίᾳ λέγουσι γίνεσθαι, τὴν δὲ ἀσωτίαν καὶ τὴν θρασύτητα κατὰ πλεονασμὸν καὶ ὑπέρπτωσιν, τῆς δὲ καθ’ ἑκάτερον ἀμετρίας τὸ μέσον ἀρετὴν ὀνομάζουσιν. Oὐκοῦν ἔχοι ἄν τι πρὸς τὴν ἀρετὴν ὁ περὶ τοῦ κρόκου λόγος ἀκόλουθον τῇ τῆς δυνάμεως μεσότητι τὸ ἀνελλιπές τε καὶ τὸ ἀπέριττον τῆς ἐναρέτου καταστάσεως ἑρμηνεύων, ἐγὼ δέ φημι, κἂν ἰδιωτικώτερον ᾖ τὸ λεγόμενον, τάχα μᾶλλον πρὸς τὸν τῆς πίστεως λόγον οἰκειότερον τὸ αἴνιγμα τοῦ κρόκου παραλαμβάνεσθαι· τριπλῷ μὲν γὰρ ὑποτρέφεται τὸ ἄνθος τῷ κάλυκι καὶ αὐτὸς δὲ ὁ κάλυξ ἐν ἀεροειδεῖ τῇ χρόᾳ ἄνθος ἐστίν, ἐκδυθείσης δὲ τῆς τῶν καλύκων περιβολῆς τρία εὑρίσκεται πάντως τὰ εὐπνοοῦντα καὶ χρησιμεύοντα πρὸς τὰς ἰάσεις ἄνθη τὰ ὑποκεκρυμμένα τοῖς κάλυξι, μεγέθει καὶ κάλλει καὶ εὐπνοίᾳ καὶ τῇ τῆς δυνάμεως ἰδιότητι ὡσαύτως πρὸς ἄλληλα ἔχοντα καὶ ἓν τὰ τρία διὰ πάντων δεικνύμενα εὐχροίᾳ τε, καθὼς εἴρηται, καὶ εὐπνοίᾳ καὶ τῷ ποιῷ τῆς δυνάμεως. Oἷς συμπαραπέφυκεν ἕτερα τρία, ξανθὰ μὲν ἰδεῖν ἄποια δὲ πρὸς πᾶσαν ὑγιεινὴν εὐχρηστίαν. Περὶ ἃ γίνεται τοῖς ἀπείροις ἡ πλάνη τοῖς διὰ τὴν εὔχροιαν τὸ νόθον δρεπομένοις ἀντὶ τοῦ κρείττονος. Ὅπερ καὶ νῦν ποιοῦσιν οἱ περὶ τὴν πίστιν ἐξαμαρτάνοντες τὰς σεσοφισμένας ἀπάτας πρὸ τῶν ὑγιεινῶν δογμάτων αἱρούμενοι. Ἅγιος Γρηγόριος Νύσσης, Ἐξηγησις Του Αἰσματος Των Ἀσμάτων, Ὁμιλία θʹ Source: Migne PG 44.969d-972c

Nard and saffron, sweet cane and cinnamon, with all the trees of Lebanon, myrrh and aloes with all the best perfumes. 1 What remains is to express in words the mystery of saffron. Those who have acquired some understanding of the power of this flower say that it is a mean between cold and heat, and that because of its avoidance of extremes to which the latter incline it has the power of easing pain. Perhaps, then, because of this, one can use the mystery of saffron to philosophize on virtue, that is, that every virtue is a mean between the two evils of falling short of the good and of exceeding it. 2 Courage and liberality, they say, are to be understood as the means between terror and recklessness and miserliness and prodigality, and they say that because terror and miserliness fall short of what is right they are evils, and prodigality and recklessness are evils because they exceed and exaggerate what is right, and thus they name virtue as the mean between each extreme. Therefore what is said of saffron may have analogy with virtue and because the power of saffron produces a median state thus interpret for us the lack of defect and excess in the condition of virtue. But as inexperienced as my speech may be, I say that it perhaps may be more correct to consider that the mystery of saffron touches on the understanding of faith, for this flower is nourished with a threefold corolla and it is the colour of the sky, and when the cover of these outer petals are removed, three flowers which were previously hidden by the petals are revealed, which are replete with fragrance and useful for healing, and which flowers are similar in size and fairness and fragrance and special power, and the three are one in all things, in the freshness of appearance, and as said, in fragrance and in special power. Then another three grow with them, yellow to the eye, but without any power of healing. And concerning these error besets those who are inexperienced, for they pluck what is inferior instead of what is better because of the attractive hue. And even now those who err regarding the faith do this by taking hold of clever deceits rather than the teachings which restore health. Saint Gregory of Nyssa, Commentary on The Song of Songs, from Homily 9 1 Song 4.14 2 Aristotle, Nic Eth 1107a

Sickness And Infirmity

Et circumibat Iesus totam Galilaeam docens in synagogis eorum et praedicans evangelium regni et sanans omnem languorem et omnem infirmitatem in plebe Quod dixit, Languorem, ad passiones pertinere voluit corporales: quod autem dicit Et omnem infirmitatem ad passiones animae spirituales. Non enim pauciores morbi animam vexant quam corpus. Etsi quidem dixisset, Sanas languores et infirmitates, poteramus utrumque ad passiones intelligere corporales, ut languores quidem intelligerentur graviores passiones, infirmitates autem taedia leviora. Nunc autem cum dicens, Omnem langourm, omnes genus sive gravium, sive leium passionum concludit, alterius clausulae videtur adjectio esse superflua, nisi unam quidem ad passiones corporales intelligamus, alteram autem ad spirituales. Possumus tamen et utramque clausulam, ad utrasque intelligere passiones ita: id est, Omnem languorem, sive corporalem, sive spiritualem: et Omnem infirmitatem, sive corporalem, sive spiritualem: ut languorem quidem intelligamus animae morbum passionis alicujus, infirmitatem autem infideliatem: utputa qui avaritiae morbo subditus est, aut libidinis, aut vanae gloriae, languorem animae patitiur: qui autem mysterium vocationis Dei ignorant, ille infirmus habetur in fide. Multi enim sunt qui possunt bona opera facere, et Deo placere, sed non faciunt: quia mysterium vocationis Dei ignorant, et ipsi sunt infirmi. Quidam autem sic passionibus carnalibus sunt mancipati, ut etiam si sciant mysterium vocationis Dei, tamen bene agere non permittunur, et ipsi sunt languorem habentes. Sed passiones corporales divinitatis virtute sanavit, spirituales autem verbo pietatis. Sicut enim medicina languenti corpori, sic verbum prodest animae aegrotanti, Deinde vide, quod non prius posuit, Sanas omnem languorem, et omnem infirmitatem, sed primum, Praedicans et docens Evangelium regni, et postea, Sanas, propter duas causas. Primum quia miracula virtutum aedificant animas secundum verba pietatis. Ideo autem premittitur quod magis necessarium aestimatur. Deinde quia non verba pietatis virtutes miraculorum commendant, sed virtutes miraculorum veritatis sermones. Nec ideo credebatur Christus posse facere virtutes, quia veritatem praedicabat: sed ideo credeatur veritatem praedicare, quia poterat facere virtutes. Nec ideo credebatur Christus posse facere virtutes, quia veritatem praedicabat: sed ideo credebatur veritatem praedicare, quia poterat facere virtutes. Opus Imperfectum in Matthaeum, Homilia Octava Source: Migne PG 56.678-9

'And Jesus went about all Galilee, teaching in their synagogues and preaching the gospel of the kingdom, and healing every sickness and every infirmity among the people.' 1 When it says 'sickness' it wishes to refer to corporeal afflictions, but because it says 'every sickness' it refers to the afflictions of the soul. For diseases do not afflict the soul less than the body. If it had said, 'Healing sickness and infirmity,' we would be able to understand that both referred to corporeal afflictions, so that sickness would be understood as the heavier afflictions and infirmity as the lighter ones. But now when it says 'every sickness,' it includes all sorts of afflictions whether they are heavy or light, but then the additional clause seems superfluous, unless we understand one to be referring to bodily afflictions and the other to spiritual afflictions. However we can understand both clauses to be referring to both afflictions, so that 'every sickness' is either of the body or the spirit, and 'every infirmity' is either of the body or spirit, and thus we may understand 'sickness' to refer to the diseases of the soul and infirmity as faithlessness, so that he who is ruled by avarice or lust or vain glory, suffers from a sickness of the soul, but he who knows nothing of the mystery of the call of God is infirm in faith. For there are many who are able to do good works and to please God but they do not do so because they are ignorant of the mystery of the call of God and they are infirm. Certainly when they are delivered from corporeal afflictions, even if they know the mystery of the call of God, yet they are not permitted to do good since they are sick. But He heals bodily afflictions with divine power, and spiritual ones with the word of piety. As medicine is to the sick body so the word is beneficial to the sick soul. Then see that 'healing every sickness and every infirmity' is not placed first, but 'preaching and teaching the gospel of the kingdom,' and then comes healing, and for two reasons. Firstly because the power of miracles edify the soul according to the words of piety. Therefore that which is more needful is set first. Then because it is not words of piety that commend the power of miracles but the power of miracles commend true words. Christ was not believed to be able to perform miracles because He preached the truth, but He was believed to preach the truth because he was able to do miracles. Opus Imperfectum on Matthew, from Homily 8 1 Mt 4.23