The Firmament And Speech

Καὶ εἶπεν ὁ Θεὸς γενηθήτω στερέωμα ἐν μέσῳ τοῦ ὕδατος, καὶ ἔστω διαχωρίζον ἀνὰ μέσον ὕδατος καὶ ὕδατος. Ἤδη καὶ χθὲς ἠκούσαμεν Θεοῦ ῥημάτων, Γενηθήτω φῶς. Καὶ σήμερον, Γενηθήτω στερέωμα. Πλέον δέ τι ἔχειν δοκεῖ τὰ παρόντα, ὅτι οὐκ ἀπέμεινεν ὁ λόγος ἐν ψιλῷ τῷ προστάγματι, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν αἰτίαν καθ᾿ ἣν ἐπιζητεῖται τοῦ στερεώματος ἡ κατασκευὴ προσδιώρισεν. Ἵνα διαχωρίζῃ, φησίν, ἀνὰ μέσον ὕδατος καὶ ὕδατος. Πρῶτον μὲν οὖν ἀναλαβόντες ζητῶμεν, πῶς ὁ Θεὸς διαλέγεται. Ἆρα τὸν ἡμέτερον τρόπον, πρότερον μὲν ὁ ἀπὸ τῶν πραγμάτων τύπος ἐγγίνεται τῇ νοήσει, ἔπειτα μετὰ τὸ φαντασθῆναι, ἀπὸ τῶν ὑποκειμένων τὰς οἰκείας καὶ προσφυεῖς ἑκάστου σημασίας ἐκλεγόμενος ἐξαγγέλλει; εἶτα τῇ ὑπηρεσίᾳ τῶν φωνητικῶν ὀργάνων παραδοὺς τὰ νοηθέντα, οὕτω διὰ τῆς τοῦ ἀέρος τυπώσεως, κατὰ τὴν ἔναρθρον τῆς φωνῆς κίνησιν, ἐν τῷ κρυπτῷ νόημα σαφηνίζει; Καὶ πῶς οὐ μυθῶδες τῆς τοιαύτης περιόδου λέγειν τὸν Θεὸν χρῄζειν πρὸς τὴν τῶν νοηθέντων δήλωσιν; Ἢ εὐσεβέστερον λέγειν, ὅτι τὸ θεῖον βούλημα καὶ ἡ πρώτη ὁρμὴ τοῦ νοεροῦ κινήματος, τοῦτο Λόγος ἐστὶ τοῦ Θεοῦ; Σχηματίζει δὲ αὐτὸν διεξοδικῶς ἡ Γραφή, ἵνα δείξῃ ὅτι οὐχὶ γενέσθαι μόνον ἐβουλήθη τὴν κτίσιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ διά τινος συνεργοῦ παραχθῆναι ταύτην εἰς γέννησιν. Ἐδύνατο γὰρ, ὡς ἐξ ἀρχῆς εἶπε, περὶ πάντων ἐπεξελθεῖν, Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεὸς τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν· εἶτα, Ἐποίησε φῶς· εἶτα, Ἐποίησε τὸ στερέωμα· νῦν δὲ τὸν Θεὸν προστάττοντα καὶ διαλεγόμενον εἰσάγουσα, τὸν ᾧ προστάσσει καὶ ᾧ διαλέγεται κατὰ τὸ σιωπώμενον ὑποφαίνει οὐ βασκαίνουσα ἡμῖν τῆς γνώσεως, ἀλλ᾿ ἐκκαίουσα ἡμᾶς πρὸς τὸν πόθον, di᾿ ὧν ἴχνη τινὰ καὶ ἐμφάσεις ὑποβάλλει τοῦ ἀπορρήτου. Τὸ γὰρ πόνῳ κτηθὲν, περιχαρῶς ὑπεδέχθη καὶ φιλοπόνως διεφυλάχθη· ὧν μέντοι πρόχειρος ὁ πορισμὸς, τούτων ἡ κτῆσις εὐκαταφρόνητος. Διὰ τοῦτο ὁδῷ τινι καὶ τάξει ἡμᾶς εἰς τὴν περὶ τοῦ Μονογενοῦς ἔννοιαν προσβιβάζει. Καίτοιγε τοῦ ἐν φωνῇ λόγου οὐδὲ οὕτως ἦν χρεία τῇ ἀσωμάτῳ φύσει, αὐτῶν τῶν νοηθέντων μεταδίδοσθαι δυναμένων τῷ συνεργοῦντι. Ὥστε τίς χρεία λόγου τοῖς δυναμένοις ἐξ αὐτοῦ τοῦ νοήματος κοινωνεῖν ἀλλήλοις τῶν βουλευμάτων; Φωνὴ μὲν γὰρ δι᾿ ἀκοήν, καὶ ἀκοὴ φωνῆς ἕνεκεν. Ὅπου δὲ οὐκ ἀὴρ, οὐχὶ γλῶσσα, οὐχὶ οὖς, οὐ πόρος σκολιὸς ἐπὶ τὴν ἐν τῇ κεφαλῇ συναίσθησιν ἀναφέρων τοὺς ψόφους, ἐκεῖ οὐδὲ ῥημάτων χρεία, ἀλλ᾿ ἐξ αὐτῶν, ὡς ἂν εἴποι τις, τῶν ἐν καρδίᾳ νοημάτων τοῦ θελήματος ἡ μετάδοσις. Ὅπερ οὖν ἔφην, ὥστε διαναστῆναι τὸν νοῦν ἡμῶν πρὸς τὴν ἔρευναν τοῦ προσώπου πρὸς ὃν οἱ λόγοι, σοφῶς καὶ ἐντέχνως τὸ σχῆμα τοῦτο τῆς διαλέκτου παρείληπται. Ἅγιος Βασιλειος Καισαρείας, Εις Την ῾Εξαημερον, Ὁμιλὶα Γ' Source Migne PG 29.54c-56c

And God said 'Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters.' 1 Yesterday we heard the words of God: 'Let there be light.' And today: 'Let there be a firmament.' There appears to be something more in this, for the word is not limited only to a command, but it lays down the reason for the need of establishing the structure of the firmament. Which is, it is said, to separate the waters from the waters. And then let us first ask how God speaks. Is it in our way, when the intelligence receives an impression from objects, and, after having conceived them, declares them by particular signs appropriate to each? Is there need of the organs of the voice to convey thoughts and thus a striking of the air by the articulate movement of the voice to reveal the hidden thought? How is it not like a myth to say that God needs such a circuitous method to manifest His thoughts? Is it not more pious to say that the Divine will and the first impetus of intelligence are the Word of God? It is He whom Scripture represents, to show us that God has not only wished to create the world, but to do so with the attendance of a fellow worker in the beginning. For it was possible that Scripture from the start might say: 'In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth, then He created light, then He created the firmament.' But now by having God command and speak, Scripture silently shows us Him to Whom this order and these words are addressed, not that by that it veil knowledge to us, but that it might kindle us a desire by showing us some vestige and appearance of the mystery. We grasp with delight and carefully retain the fruit of laborious efforts, while a possession easily attained is despised. By this way and arrangement it leads us to the idea of the Only Begotten. Now certainly the immaterial nature had no need of the material language of a voice, since thoughts could be transmitted to the fellow worker. What need then of speech, for those who by thought alone could give their counsels to one another? The voice was made for hearing, hearing for the voice. Where there is neither air, nor tongue, nor ear, nor that winding canal which bears sound to the perception in the head, there is no need for words, but without these, as one may say, the thoughts of the heart convey the will. So as I said, to set our minds seeking the person to whom the words are addressed, this wise and ingenious from is given. Saint Basil of Caesarea, Hexameron, from Homily 3 1 Gen 1.6