Virtue And Nature

Εἰσὶ δὲ καὶ παρ᾿ ἡμῖν αἱ ἀρεταὶ κατὰ φύσιν, πρὸς ἃς ἡ οἰκείωσις τῆς ψυχῆς οὐκ ἐκ διδασκαλίας ἀνθρώπων, ἀλλ᾿ ἐξ αὐτῆς τῆς φύσεως ἐνυπάρχει. Ὡς γὰρ οὐδεὶς ἡμᾶς λόγος διδάσκει τὴν νόσον μισεῖν, ἀλλ᾿ αὐτόματον ἔχομεν τὴν πρὸς τὰ λυποῦντα διαβολήν· οὕτω καὶ τῇ ψυχῇ ἔστι τις ἀδίδακτος ἔκκλισις τοῦ κακοῦ. Κακὸν δὲ πᾶν ἀρρωστία ψυχῆς, ἡ δὲ ἀρετὴ λόγον ὑγιείας ἐπέχει. Καλῶς γὰρ ὡρίσαντό τινες ὑγίειαν εἶναι τὴν εὐστάθειαν τῶν κατὰ φύσιν ἐνεργειῶν. Ὃ καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς κατὰ ψυχὴν εὐεξίας εἰπών, οὐχ ἁμαρτήσει τοῦ πρέποντος. Ὅθεν ὀρεκτικὴ τοῦ οἰκείου καὶ κατὰ φύσιν αὐτῇ ἀδιδάκτως ἐστὶν ἡ ψυχή. Διὸ ἐπαινετὴ πᾶσιν ἡ σωφροσύνη· καὶ ἀποδεκτὴ ἡ δικαιοσύνη· καὶ θαυμαστὴ ἡ ἀνδρεία· καὶ ἡ φρόνησις περισπούδαστος. Ἃ οἰκειότερά ἐστι τῇ ψυχῇ μᾶλλον, ἢ τῷ σώματι ἡ ὑγεία. Τὰ τέκνα, ἀγαπᾶτε τοὺς πατέρας. Οἱ γονεῖς, μὴ παροργίζετε τὰ τέκνα. Μὴ καὶ ἡ φύσις ταῦτα οὐ λέγει; Οὐδὲν καινὸν παραινεῖ Παῦλος, ἀλλὰ τὰ δεσμὰ τῆς φύσεως ἐπισφίγγει. Εἰ ἡ λέαινα στέργει τὰ ἐξ αὐτῆς, καὶ λύκος ὑπὲρ σκυλάκων μάχεται, τί εἴπῃ ἄνθρωπος καὶ τῆς ἐντολῆς παρακούων καὶ τὴν φύσιν παραχαράσσων, ὅταν ἢ παῖς ἀτιμάζῃ γῆρας πατρὸς, ἢ πατὴρ διὰ δευτέρων γάμων τῶν προτέρων παίδων ἐπιλανθάνηται; Ἅγιος Βασιλειος Καισαρείας, Εις Την ῾Εξαημερον, Ὁμιλὶα Θ' Source Migne PG 29.196b-197a

Virtues are in us also by nature, to which the soul has affinity not by the teaching of men but by nature itself. For no one teaches us a lesson that we should hate illness, but by ourselves we have revulsion for what afflicts us, and so the soul has no teacher for avoidance of the evil. And all evil is a sickness of the soul, as virtue is its health. For those have defined health well have called it a regularity in operation according to nature, and this definition can be applied without fault of inapplicability to the good state of the soul. Whence without lessons the soul can attain to what is fitting and according to nature. Thus temperance is praised everywhere, justice is honoured, courage admired, and prudence is much sought after. Which things are more appropriate to the soul than health to the body. Children love your parents, 'parents provoke not your children to wrath.' 1 Does not nature say the same things? Paul does not counsel novelty; he tightens the bonds of nature. If the lioness loves those who have come from her, if the she wolf fights for her cubs, what shall a man say who attends not to the command and perverts nature itself, or the son who dishonours the old age of his father, or the father who because of a second marriage has been made to forget the children of the first? Saint Basil of Caesarea, Hexameron, from Homily 9 1 Ephes 6.1