Throne And King

Δώσει αὐτῷ Kύριος ὁ θεὸς τὸν θρόνον Δαυὶδ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ... Θρόνον λέγει τὸν ἐπαγγελθέντα τῷ Δαυῒδ, οὐ μὴν καὶ δοθέντα· Ἅπαξ γὰρ, φησὶ, ὤμοσα ἐν τῷ ἁγίῳ μου, εἰ τῷ Δαυῒδ ψεύομαι· τὸ σπέρμα αὐτοῦ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα μένει, καὶ ὀ θρόνος αὐτοῦ ὡς ὁ ἥλιος ἐναντίον μου· καὶ Παλιν· Ὤμοσα Δαυῒδ τῷ δούλῳ μου· Ἔως τοῦ αἰῶνος ἐτοιμάσω τὸ σπέρμα σου, καὶ οἰκοδομήσω εἰς γενεὰν καὶ γενεὰν τὸν θρόνον σου. Ταῦτα δὲ οὐ περὶ σαρκικοῦ σπέρματός φησι, οὐδὲ περι αἰσθητοῦ θρόνου, ἀλλὰ περὶ οὗ φησι καὶ ὁ ἄγγελος πρὸς τὴν Παρθένον, τὸν μηδὲν ἐπίκαιρον ἔχοντα, τὸν καθ' ὅλης τῆς οἰκουμένης φωτὸς δίκην ἐκλάμποντα, καὶ ψυχὰς νοερῶς καταυγάζοντα διὰ τῆς ἐνθέου διδασκαλίας. Οἶκον δὲ Ἰακὼβ, μὴ τὸν Ἰουδαίων λαὸν νόμιζε μόνον, ἀλλὰ πάντας τοὺη διὰ τῆς κλήσεως τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἐξ ἀπάντῶν τῶν ἐθνῶν εἰς τὴν τῶν ἁγίων υἱοθεσίαν εἰσποιουμένους. Ὁ λαὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ ποτὲ μὲν Ἰακὼβ καλεῖται, ποτὲ δὲ Ἰσραήλ· ὁ αὐτὸς γὰρ ἦν καὶ Ἰσραὴλ καὶ Ἰακώβ· καὶ φύσει μὲν Ἰακὼβ ἦν ὁ παλαιὸς λαὸς· ὡς ἐξ Ἰακὼβ κατὰ τὴν ἐξ αἱματος συγγένειαν· θέσει δὲ, ὁ νέος λαὸς κατὰ τὴν ἐξ ἀρετῆς συγγένειαν· ἀντεισήχθη γὰρ ὁ νέος τοῦ παλαιοῦ. Λοιπὸν οὖν ἐπὶ τοῦτον τὸν λαὸν βασιλεύσει εἰς τὸν αἰωνα, ἤγουν ἀεὶ, ἐκ τε τῶν ἔργων καὶ τῶν λόγων ἐπιγνόντα αὐτὸν, καὶ ἐκουσίως ὑποτεταγένον αὐτῷ· ὁ γὰρ Χριστὸς ἦν μὲν βασιλεὺς καὶ ὡς Θεός· Ἡ βασιλεία γὰρ, φησὶν, ἡ ἐμὴ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου τούτου· ἦν δὲ καὶ ὡς ἄνθρωπος· εἰχε γὰρ ἔργα βασιλέως τὸ νομοθετεῖν τοῖς ὑπηκόοις αὐτοῦ, τὸ ῥυθμίζειν, τὸ περιέπειν, τὸ ὑπεραποθνήσκειν αὐτῶν· ἂ μάλιστα χαρακτηρίζουσι τὸν ἀληθῆ βασιλέα. Εὐσέβιος ὁ Καισάρειος, Τὸ Κατὰ Λουκαν Ἐπαγγελιον, Ἐκλογή Source: Migne PG 24.532b-d

The Lord God will give him the throne of his father David...1 He speaks of the promise of David's throne, and not the giving of it, with: 'For once,' He says, 'I have sworn in my holiness, I will not lie to David. His seed shall endure forever, and his throne shall be like the sun in my sight.' And again, 'I have sworn to David, my servant, even to eternity I have established his seed, and I shall build up his throne from generation to generation.' 2 And these things do not speak of carnal seed, nor of a material throne, but concerning that which the angel recalled when speaking to Mary, that has nothing temporal about it, and its light shines on the whole world, and with Divine teaching it spiritually enlightens souls. 3 And do not understand the house of Jacob as the Jewish people only, but those from all the peoples who by the calling of the Saviour are given the privilege of Divine adoption. For the people of God were once called Jacob, and then Israel, and Jacob and Israel were the same man, and certainly by nature Jacob was the old people, because from the blood of Jacob they had their origin, but by adoption there is a new people through the kinship of virtue, for the new succeeds the old. Afterward, then, He shall rule over this people through the age, that is, forever, when by works and words the people know Christ, and eagerly conform themselves to him. Undoubtedly Christ was king as much as God, for he said, 'My kingdom is not of this world,' 3 and even as a man He had the works of a king, in laying down the law for those obedient to him, and guiding and taking care of them, and laying down His life for them, which things especially are the characteristic marks of true kingship. Eusebius of Caesarea, Commentary On the Gospel of Saint Luke, Fragment 1 Lk 1.32 2 Ps 88.36-38, 4-5 3 Lk 1.31-33 4 Jn 18.36