Very Superstitious

Εἰκότως τοίνυν δεισιδαίμονες περὶ τοὺς εὐοργήτους γινόμενοι πάντα σημεῖα ἡγοῦνται εἶναι τὰ συμβαίνοντα καὶ κακῶν αἴτια· ἐὰν μῦς διορύξῃ βωμὸν ὄντα πήλινον κἂν μηδὲν ἄλλο ἔχων διατράγῃ θύλακον, ἀλεκτρυὼν τρεφόμενος ἐὰν ἀπὸ ἑσπέρας ᾄσῃ, τιθέμενοι τοῦτο σημεῖόν τινος. Τοιοῦτόν τινα ἐν τῷ ∆εισιδαίμονι ὁ Μένανδρος διακωμῳδεῖ· Ἀγαθόν τι γένοιτό μοι, ὦ πολυτίμητοι θεοί, ὑποδούμενος τὸν ἱμάντα τῆς δεξιᾶς ἐμβάδος διέρρηξα. Εἰκότως, ὦ φλήναφε· σαπρὸς γὰρ ἦν, σὺ δὲ σμικρολόγος οὐ θέλων καινὰς πρίασθαι. Χαρίεν τὸ τοῦ Ἀντιφῶντος· οἰωνισαμένου τινός, ὅτι κατέφαγεν ὗς τὰ δελφάκια, θεασάμενος αὐτὴν ὑπὸ λιμοῦ διὰ μικροψυχίαν τοῦ τρέφοντος κατισχναμένην, χαῖρε, εἶπεν, ἐπὶ τῷ σημείῳ, ὅτι οὕτω πεινῶσα τὰ σὰ οὐκ ἔφαγεν τέκνα. Τί δὲ καὶ θαυμαστόν, εἰ ὁ μῦς, » φησὶν ὁ Βίων, τὸν θύλακον διέτραγεν, οὐχ εὑρὼν ὅ τι φάγῃ; τοῦτο γὰρ ἦν θαυμαστόν, εἰ, ὥσπερ Ἀρκεσίλαος παίζων ἐνεχείρει, τὸν μῦν ὁ θῦλαξ κατέφαγεν. Εὖ γοῦν καὶ ∆ιογένης πρὸς τὸν θαυμάζοντα, ὅτι εὗρεν τὸν ὄφιν ἐν τῷ ὑπέρῳ περιειλημένον, μὴ θαύμαζε, ἔφη· ἦν γὰρ παραδοξότερον ἐκεῖνο, εἰ τὸ ὕπερον περὶ ὀρθῷ τῷ ὄφει κατειλημένον ἐθεάσω. ∆εῖ γὰρ καὶ τὰ ἄλογα τῶν ζῴων τρέχειν καὶ θεῖν καὶ μάχεσθαι καὶ τίκτειν καὶ ἀποθνῄσκειν, ἃ δή, ἐκείνοις ὄντα κατὰ φύσιν, οὐκ ἄν ποτε ἡμῖν γένοιτο παρὰ φύσιν· Ὄρνιθες δέ τε πολλοὶ ὑπ' αὐγὰς ἠελίοιο φοιτῶσιν. Ὁ κωμικὸς δὲ Φιλήμων καὶ τὰ τοιαῦτα κωμῳδεῖ· Ὅταν ἴδω παρατηροῦντα, τίς ἔπταρεν ἢ τίς ἐλάλησεν, ἤ, τίς ἐστιν ὁ προϊών, σκοποῦντα, πωλῶ τοῦτον εὐθὺς ἐν ἀγορᾷ. Αὑτῷ βαδίζει καὶ λαλεῖ καὶ πτάρνυται ἕκαστος ἡμῶν, οὐχὶ τοῖς ἐν τῇ πόλει. Τὰ πράγματα ὡς πέφυκεν, οὕτως γίγνεται. Εἶτα νήφοντες μὲν ὑγείαν αἰτοῦνται, ὑπερεμπιπλάμενοι δὲ καὶ μέθαις ἐγκυλιόμενοι κατὰ τὰς ἑορτὰς νόσους ἐπισπῶνται. Πολλοὶ δὲ καὶ τὰς γραφὰς δεδίασι τὰς ἀνακειμένας. Ἀστείως πάνυ ὁ ∆ιογένης, ἐπὶ οἰκίᾳ μοχθηροῦ τινος εὑρὼν ἐπιγεγραμμένον· Ὁ καλλίνικος Ἡρακλῆς ἐνθάδε κατοικεῖ· μηδὲν εἰσίτω κακόν, καὶ πῶς, ἔφη, ὁ κύριος εἰσελεύσεται τῆς οἰκίας; Οἱ αὐτοὶ δ' οὗτοι πᾶν ξύλον καὶ πάντα λίθον, τὸ δὴ λεγόμενον, λιπαρὸν προσκυνοῦντες, ἔρια πυρρὰ καὶ ἁλῶν χόνδρους καὶ δᾷδας σκίλλαν τε καὶ θεῖον δεδίασι, πρὸς τῶν γοήτων καταγοητευθέντες κατά τινας ἀκαθάρτους καθαρμούς. Θεὸς δέ, ὁ τῷ ὄντι θεός, ἅγιον μόνον οἶδεν τὸ τοῦ δικαίου ἦθος, ὥσπερ ἐναγὲς τὸ ἄδικον καὶ μοχθηρόν Κλήμης ὁ Ἀλεξανδρεύς, Στρωματεων, Λογος Ζ', Κεφ' Δ' Source: Migne PG 9.429b-433b

It is natural, then, that because of fear of angry gods, they treat everything as signs and causes of evils. If a mouse bores through an altar of clay, or else gnaws through an oil flask for want of anything else; if a cock that is being fattened up crows at evening, they judge such things to be a sign of something. Menander gives a comic description of such a fellow in 'The Superstitious Man': 'May good fortune be mine, O honoured gods! The strap of my right sandal broke as I walked. More likely, babbler, it's because it was rotten, For you, you miser, will not buy new ones.' When it was considered a bad omen that a sow had eaten her piglets, on seeing her emaciated because of the meanness of the man who kept her, Antiphon agreeably remarked:, 'Rejoice over this sign: that even though she is starving, she did not eat your own children.' 'And why is it a wonder,' says Bion, 'if a mouse, finding nothing to eat, gnaws a bag?' For it would be a wonder if, as Arcesilaus argued in jest, 'the bag had eaten the mouse.' Indeed Diogenes spoke well to a man who wondered at finding a snake coiled round a pestle: 'Don't wonder at that; it would have been more wonderful if you had seen the pestle coiled around the snake, and the snake had been straightened out.' For irrational creatures must run and scamper and fight and breed and die, and since these things are natural to them, they can never be unnatural to us. 'And many birds beneath the sunbeams range.' 1 And the comic poet Philemon ridicules such things: 'When I see a watcher of who has sneezed, Or who has spoke, or who goes away first, I immediately sell him off in the market. Each one of us sneezes, talks and walks For his own self, not for others in the city: According to their nature things will be.' Then by temperance men seek health, and by stuffing themselves and rolling about in drink at feasts they attract diseases. There are many, too, who are in awe of inscriptions which have been set up. Finding in the house of a wicked man the inscription, 'Hercules, famed for victory, dwells here; let nothing bad enter,' Diogenes very neatly remarked, 'And how shall the master of the house go in?' The same folk who worship every stick and every oily stone, as the saying is, tremble before ruddy wool, lumps of salt, pine torches, and squills, and sulphur, all bewitched by sorcerers in certain foul rites of expiation. But God, the true God, knows as holy only the character of the righteous man, and as unholy, unrighteousness and wickedness. Clement of Alexandria, The Stromata, Book 7, Chapter 4 1 Hom Odyssey 2.181-2