Educating A Girl

Fiant ei litterae vel buxae, vel eburneae, et suis nominibus appellentur. Ludat in eis, ut et lusus ejus eruditio sit. Et non solum ordinem teneat litterarum, et memoria nominum in canticum transeat; sed ipse inter se crebro ordo turbetur, et mediis ultima, primis media misceantur, ut eas non sono tantum, sed et visu noverit: cum vero ceperit trementi manu stylum in cera ducere, vel alterius superposita manu teneri regantur articuli, vel in tabella sculpantur elementa, ut per eosdem sulcos inclusa margnibus trahuntur vestigia, et foras non queant evagari. Sylabbas jungat ad praemium: et quibus illa aetas delectari potest, munusculis invitetur. Habeat et in discendo socias, quibus invideat: quarum laudibus mordeatur.  Non est objurganda, si tardior sit, sed laudibus excitandum ingenium, ut et vicisse gaudeat, et victa doleat. Cavendum in primis, ne oderit studia, ne amaritudo eorum praecepta in infantia, ultra rudes annos transeat. Ipsa nomina, per quae consuescit paulatim verba contexere, non sint fortuita, sed certa, et coacevata de industria, Prophetarum videlicet atque Apostolorum, et omnis ab Adam Patriarcharum series, de Matthaeo Lucaque descendat, ut dum aliud agit, futurae memoriae praeparetur. Magister probae aetatis et vitae, eruditionisque est eligendus, nec puto erubescet vir doctus id facere in propinqua, vel in nobili virgine, quod Aristotles fecit in Philippi filio, ut ipse librariorum utilitate initia traderet litterarum. Non sunt contenenda quasi parva, sine quibus magna constare non possunt. Ipse elementorum sonus, et prima institutio praeceptorum, aliter de erudito, aliter de rustico ore profertur. Sanctus Hieronymus, Epistola CVII, Ad Laetam Source: Migne PL 22 871-872

Let there be letters of boxwood or ivory, each called by its proper name. Let her play with these, so that even in her play there may be learning. And not only make her grasp the right order of the letters and see that she forms their names into a rhyme, but constantly disarrange their order and put the last letters in the middle and the middle ones at the beginning that she may know them all by sight as well as by sound. Moreover, so soon as she begins to use the style upon the wax, and her hand is still faltering, either guide her soft fingers by laying your hand upon hers, or else have simple copies cut upon a tablet; so that her efforts confined within these limits may keep to the lines traced out for her and not stray outside of these. Offer prizes for good spelling and draw her onward with little gifts such as children of her age delight in. And let her have companions in her lessons to excite emulation in her, that she may be stimulated when she sees them praised. You must not scold her if she is slow to learn but must employ praise to excite her mind, so that she may be glad when she excels others and sorry when she is excelled by them. Above all you must take care not to make her lessons distasteful to her lest a dislike for them conceived in childhood may continue into her maturer years. The very words which she tries bit by bit to put together and to pronounce ought not to be chance ones, but names specially fixed upon and heaped together for the purpose, those for example of the Prophets or the Apostles or the list of Patriarchs from Adam downwards as it is given by Matthew and Luke. In this way while her tongue will be well-trained, her memory will be likewise developed. Again, you must choose for her a master of approved years, life, and learning. A man of culture will not, I think, blush to do for a kinswoman or a highborn virgin what Aristotle did for Phillip's son when, descending to the level of an usher, he consented to teach him his letters. Things must not be despised as of small account in the absence of which great results cannot be achieved. The very rudiments and first beginnings of knowledge sound differently in the mouth of an educated man and of an uneducated. Saint Jerome, from Letter 107, To Laeta