Worthy Of Communion

Πολλοὺς ὁρῶ τοὺς σώματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ μετέχοντας ἁπλῶς καὶ ὡς ἔτυχε, καὶ συνηθείᾳ μᾶλλον καὶ νόμῳ, ἢ λογισμῷ καὶ διανοίᾳ. Ἂν ἐπιστῇ, φησὶν, ὁ τῆς ἁγίας Τεσσαρακοστῆς καιρὸς, οἷος ἐὰν ᾖ τις, μετέχει τῶν μυστηρίων, ἂν ἐπιστῇ ἡ τῶν Ἐπιφανίων ἡμέρα. Καίτοι καιρὸς οὐ τοῦτο προσόδου· οὐ γὰρ Ἐπιφάνια, οὐδὲ Τεσσαρακοστὴ ποιεῖ ἀξίους τοῦ προσιέναι, ἀλλὰ ψυχῆς εἰλικρίνεια καὶ καθαρότης. Μετὰ ταύτης ἀεὶ πρόσιθι, χωρὶς ταύτης μηδέποτε. Ὁσάκις γὰρ, φησὶ, τοῦτο ποιεῖτε, τὸν θάνατον τοῦ Κυρίου καταγγέλλετε· τουτέστιν, Ὑπόμνησιν ποιεῖτε τῆς σωτηρίας τῆς ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν, τῆς εὐεργεσίας τῆς ἐμῆς. Ἐννόησον, οἱ τῆς θυσίας μετέχοντες τῆς παλαιᾶς πόσῃ ἐκέχρηντο τῇ φειδοῖ. Τί γὰρ οὐκ ἔπραττον; τί δὲ οὐκ ἐποίουν; Πάντοτε ἐκαθαίροντο· σὺ δὲ θυσίᾳ προσιὼν ἣν καὶ ἄγγελοι φρίττουσι, καιρῶν περιόδοις τὸ πρᾶγμα ὁρίζεις; καὶ πῶς παραστήσῃ τῷ βήματι τοῦ Χριστοῦ, μιαραῖς χερσὶ καὶ χείλεσι κατατολμῶν αὐτοῦ τοῦ σώματος; Καὶ βασιλέα μὲν οὐκ ἂν ἕλοιο καταφιλῆσαι, ὀδωδότος σου τοῦ στόματος· τὸν δὲ Βασιλέα τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ψυχῇ καταφιλεῖς ὀδωδυίᾳ; Ὕβρις τὸ πρᾶγμά ἐστιν. Εἰπέ μοι, ἆρα ἂν ἕλοιο χερσὶν ἀνίπτοις τῇ θυσίᾳ προσελθεῖν; Οὐκ ἔγωγε οἶμαι· ἀλλ' ἐθέλοις ἂν μηδὲ ὅλως προσελθεῖν, ἢ ῥυπαραῖς χερσίν. Εἶτα ἐν τῷ μικρῷ οὕτως ὢν εὐλαβὴς, ψυχὴν ἔχων ῥυπαρὰν προσέρχῃ, καὶ ἅπτεσθαι τολμᾷς; Καίτοι ὑπὸ μὲν τῶν χειρῶν πρὸς καιρὸν κατέχεται, εἰς δὲ ἐκείνην ὁλόκληρος ἀναλύεται. Τί δέ; οὐχ ὁρᾷς τὰ σκεύη οὕτω περικλυζόμενα; οὕτως ἀπολάμποντα; Τούτων καθαρωτέρας ἡμῖν εἶναι δεῖ τὰς ψυχὰς, τούτων ἁγιωτέρας καὶ λαμπροτέρας. Τί δήποτε; Ὅτι ἐκεῖνα δι' ἡμᾶς τοιαῦτα γίνεται. Ἐκεῖνα οὐ μετέχει τοῦ ἐνόντος, οὐκ αἰσθάνεται· ἡμεῖς δὲ, ναί. Νῦν δὲ ῥυπαρῷ μὲν οὐκ ἂν ἕλοιο χρήσασθαι σκεύει, ῥυπαρᾷ δὲ ψυχῇ προσέρχῃ; Πολλὴν ὁρῶ τοῦ πράγματος τὴν ἀνωμαλίαν. Ἐν μὲν τοῖς ἄλλοις καιροῖς οὐδὲ καθαροὶ πολλάκις ὄντες προσέρχεσθε, ἐν δὲ τῷ Πάσχα, κἂν ᾖ τι τετολμημένον ὑμῖν, πρόσιτε.Ὢ τῆς συνηθείας! ὢ τῆς προλήψεως! εἰκῆ θυσία καθημερινὴ, εἰκῆ παρεστήκαμεν τῷ θυσιαστηρίῳ, οὐδεὶς ὁ μετέχων. Ταῦτα οὐχ ἵνα ἁπλῶς μετέχητε, λέγω, ἀλλ' ἵνα ἀξίους ἑαυτοὺς κατασκευάζητε.Οὐκ εἶ τῆς θυσίας ἄξιος, οὐδὲ τῆς μεταλήψεως; Οὐκοῦν οὐδὲ τῆς εὐχῆς. Ἀκούεις ἑστῶτος τοῦ κήρυκος, καὶ λέγοντος· Ὅσοι ἐν μετανοίᾳ, ἀπέλθετε πάντες. Ὅσοι μὴ μετέχουσιν, ἐν μετανοίᾳ εἰσίν. Εἰ τῶν ἐν μετανοίᾳ εἶ, μετασχεῖν οὐκ ὀφείλεις· ὁ γὰρ μὴ μετέχων, τῶν ἐν μετανοίᾳ ἐστί. Τίνος οὖν ἕνεκεν λέγει, Ἀπέλθετε, οἱ μὴ δυνάμενοι δεηθῆναι, σὺ δὲ ἕστηκας ἰταμῶς; Ἀλλ' οὐκ εἶ τούτων, ἀλλὰ τῶν δυναμένων μετέχειν, καὶ οὐδὲν φροντίζεις; οὐδὲν ἡγῇ τὸ πρᾶγμα; Ἅγιος Ἰωάννης ὁ Χρυσόστομος, Ὁμῖλία Γ' Ὑπόμνημα Εἰς την προς Ἐπέσιους Ἐπιστολή Source: Migne PG 62.28-29

I see many partaking of Christ's Body thoughtlessly and as chance has it, and from custom and form, not with consideration and understanding. However a man may be, it is said, he knows that when it is the holy time of Lent he partakes of the mysteries, or when the day of the Epiphany comes. But this is not the right time to approach, for neither the Epiphany, nor Lent, make men worthy to come near, but it is given by honesty and purity of soul. Always approach with this, without it never. 'For as often,' he says, 'as you do this, you proclaim the Lord's death,' 1 that is, 'you make a remembrance of the salvation for you, and of my good work.' Think of those who partook of the sacrifices under the old Covenant, how often did they abstain? What did they not perform? What did they not do? They were always purifying themselves. And do you, approaching the sacrifice, at which even the angels tremble, do you value it by the turnings of the seasons? How shall you set yourself before the tribunal of Christ, who dare take his body with defiled hands and lips? You would not choose to kiss a king with a mouth that reeks, but you would kiss the King of heaven with an unclean soul? It is an outrageous deed. Tell me, would you choose to come to the Sacrifice with unwashed hands? No, I think not. But you would rather choose not to come at all than come with dirty hands. And though you are careful in this little matter, you come with a soiled soul and dare to touch? Yet the hands hold it but for a time, whereas it is entirely dissolved into the soul. What then? Do you not see the holy vessels are washed all over and thus resplendent? It is necessary that our souls be purer than them, more holy and more brilliant. And why? Because the vessels are made so for us. They do not partake of Him that is in them, they do not know Him. But, yes, we do. You would not choose to use a dirty vessel, and you approach with a dirty soul? Observe the great inconsistency of it. At the other times, not often being clean, you do not come, but at Easter, whatever your outrages, you come. Oh, custom! O, prejudice! In vain is the daily Sacrifice, in vain we stand before the sacrificial altar; there are none to partake. I say these things not that you partake thoughtlessly but that you make yourselves worthy. Are you not worthy of the sacrifice, nor to participate? Then you are not of the prayer. You hear the herald, standing and saying, 'As many as are in penitence, let them all depart.' As many as there are in penitence, they do not partake. If you are one of those who are in a state of penitence, you should not partake, for he who does not partake is one of those in penitence. For what reason does he say, 'Depart, those unable to pray,' and you brazenly stand there? You are not of their number, you are one of those who are able to partake, and yet you think little of it, and treat the matter as nothing. Saint John Chrysostom, from Homily 3 on the Epistle to the Ephesians 1 1 Cor 11.26