Thinking Of Divinity

Τί τοῦτο ἔπαθον, ὦ φίλοι καὶ μύσται καὶ τῆς ἀληθείας συνερασταί; ἔτρεχον μὲν ὡς θεὸν καταληψόμενος, καὶ οὕτως ἀνῆλθον ἐπὶ τὸ ὄρος, καὶ τὴν νεφέλην διέσχον, εἴσω γενόμενος ἀπὸ τῆς ὕλης καὶ τῶν ὑλικῶν, καὶ εἰς ἐμαυτὸν ὡς οἷόν τε συστραφείς. ἐπεὶ δὲ προσέβλεψα, μόλις εἶδον θεοῦ τὰ ὀπίσθια· καὶ τοῦτο τῇ πέτρᾳ σκεπασθείς, τῷ σαρκωθέντι δι' ἡμᾶς θεῷ Λόγῳ· καὶ μικρὸν διακύψας, οὐ τὴν πρώτην τε καὶ ἀκήρατον φύσιν, καὶ ἑαυτῇ, λέγω δὴ τῇ τριάδι, γινωσκομένην, καὶ ὅση τοῦ πρώτου καταπετάσματος εἴσω μένει καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν χερουβὶμ συγκαλύπτεται, ἀλλ' ὅση τελευταία καὶ εἰς ἡμᾶς φθάνουσα. Ἡ δέ ἐστιν, ὅσα ἐμὲ γινώσκειν, ἡ ἐν τοῖς κτίσμασι καὶ τοῖς ὑπ' αὐτοῦ προβεβλημένοις καὶ διοικουμένοις μεγαλειότης, ἤ, ὡς ὁ θεῖος ∆αβὶδ ὀνομάζει, μεγαλοπρέπεια. Tαῦτα γὰρ θεοῦ τὰ ὀπίσθια, ὅσα μετ' ἐκεῖνον ἐκείνου γνωρίσματα, ὥσπερ αἱ καθ' ὑδάτων ἡλίου σκιαὶ καὶ εἰκόνες ταῖς σαθραῖς ὄψεσι παρα δεικνῦσαι τὸν ἥλιον, ἐπεὶ μὴ αὐτὸν προσβλέπειν οἶόν τε, τῷ ἀκραιφνεῖ τοῦ φωτὸς νικῶντα τὴν αἴσθησιν. οὕτως οὖν θεολογήσεις, κἂν ᾖς Μωυσῆς καὶ Φαραὼ θεός, κἂν μέχρι τρίτου κατὰ τὸν Παῦλον οὐρανοῦ φθάσῃς, καὶ ἀκούσῃς ἄρρητα ῥήματα· κἂν ὑπὲρ ἐκεῖνον γένῃ, ἀγγελικῆς τινὸς ἢ ἀρχαγγελικῆς στάσεώς τε καὶ τάξεως ἠξιωμένος. Kἂν γὰρ οὐράνιον ἅπαν, κἂν ὑπερουράνιόν τι, καὶ πολὺ τὴν φύσιν ὑψηλότερον ἡμῶν ᾖ, καὶ ἐγγυτέρω θεοῦ, πλέον ἀπέχει θεοῦ καὶ τῆς τελείας καταλήψεως, ἢ ὅσον ἡμῶν ὑπεραίρει τοῦ συνθέτου καὶ ταπεινοῦ καὶ κάτω βρίθοντος κράματος. Ἀρκτέον οὖν οὕτω πάλιν. θεὸν νοῆσαι μὲν χαλεπόν· φράσαι δὲ ἀδύνατον, ὥς τις τῶν παρ' Ἕλλησι θεολόγων ἐφιλοσόφησεν, οὐκ ἀτέχνως ἐμοὶ δοκεῖν, ἵνα καὶ κατειληφέναι δόξῃ τῷ χαλεπὸν εἰπεῖν, καὶ διαφύγῃ τῷ ἀνεκφράστῳ τὸν ἔλεγχον. Ἀλλὰ φράσαι μὲν ἀδύνατον, ὡς ὁ ἐμὸς λόγος, νοῆσαι δὲ ἀδυνατώτερον. Tὸ μὲν γὰρ νοηθὲν τάχα ἂν λόγος δηλώσειεν, εἰ καὶ μὴ μετρίως, ἀλλ' ἀμυδρῶς γε, τῷ μὴ πάντῃ τὰ ὦτα διεφθαρμένῳ καὶ νωθρῷ τὴν διάνοιαν. τὸ δὲ τοσοῦτον πρᾶγμα τῇ διανοίᾳ περιλαβεῖν πάντως ἀδύνατον καὶ ἀμήχανον, μὴ ὅτι τοῖς καταβεβλακευμένοις καὶ κάτω νεύουσιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῖς λίαν ὑψηλοῖς τε καὶ φιλοθέοις, καὶ ὁμοίως πάσῃ γεννητῇ φύσει, καὶ οἷς ὁ ζόφος οὗτος ἐπιπροσθεῖ καὶ τὸ παχὺ τοῦτο σαρκίον πρὸς τὴν τοῦ ἀληθοῦς κατανόησιν. Oὐκ οἶδα δέ, εἰ μὴ καὶ ταῖς ἀνωτέρω καὶ νοεραῖς φύσεσιν, αἳ διὰ τὸ πλησίον εἶναι θεοῦ, kαὶ ὅλῳ τῷ φωτὶ καταλάμπεσθαι, τυχὸν ἂν καὶ τρανοῖντο, εἰ καὶ μὴ πάντῃ, ἀλλ' ἡμῶν γε τελεώτερόν τε καὶ ἐκτυπώτερον, καὶ ἄλλων ἄλλαι πλεῖον ἢ ἔλαττον, κατὰ τὴν ἀναλογίαν τῆς τάξεως. Ἅγιος Γρηγόριος ὁ Ναζιανζηνός, Λογός ΚΗ', Περὶ θεολογίας, Source: Migne PG 35.29a-32a

What is this that has happened, O friends and initiates and fellow lovers of the truth? I was running so that I might take hold of God, and thus I went up into the Mount, and I drew back the cloud, and I went in away from matter and material things, and as much as I could I withdrew into myself. And then, when I looked, I hardly saw even the back parts of God, 1 and this when sheltered by the Rock, the Divine Word made flesh for us. And peering a little more, I saw not the First and unmixed Nature, known to Itself, to the Trinity, I say, not that which dwells within the first veil and is concealed by the Cherubim, but only that nature which at last reaches even to us. Which is, as far as I can learn, that which is found among the created things He has produced and governed, the Majesty, or as the holy David names it, the Glory. 2 For these are the back parts of God, which He leaves behind Him as declarations of Himself, like the shadows and reflection of the sun in the water which show the sun to our weak eyes, since we cannot look at it, because by His pure light our sense is overwhelmed. Thus theologise, even if you be a Moses and a god to Pharaoh, even if you be caught up like Paul to the third heaven, and have heard unspeakable words, 3 even if you be raised above them both and exalted to angelic or archangelic place and rank. For though a thing be all heavenly, or above heaven, and far higher in nature than us and nearer to God, yet it is more distant from God and His perfect comprehension than it is lifted above our compound and humble and downward dragging mixture. Let us then begin again. It is difficult to think of God, but to speak of Him an impossibility, as one of the Greek theologians philosophised, and not ineptly, as it seems to me, who says that having lain hold it is difficult to tell, 4 yet we may fly censure for being unable to speak. For, so I say, it is impossible to tell, and to conceive Him even more impossible. For that which is conceived can perhaps be made manifest in speech, if within limits, only obscurely, to those all who have not lost their ears, and are not dull in understanding. But to perfectly comprehend such greatness is impossible and impracticable, not only to those who are negligent and of inferior capability, but even to those exceedingly exalted and who love God, and likewise with every created nature, since the gloom here and the heaviness of the flesh obscures the understanding of the truth. I do not know if it is so with higher and more intellectual natures, which by being nearer to God, and being lit with all His light, may perhaps see clearly, and if not the whole, yet more perfectly and distinctly than us, some more, and some less, in accordance with their rank. Saint Gregory Nazianzus, from Oration 28, On Theology 1 Exod 33.23 2 Ps 8.2 3 Exod 7.2, 2 Cor 12.2 4 Plato Timeaus 28c