Creation and Male and Female

Οὐκοῦν ἐξεταστέον μετ' ἀκριβείας τὰ ῥήματα. Εὑρήσομεν γὰρ, ὅτι ἕτερον μέν τι τὸ κατ' εἰκόνα γενόμενον, ἕτερον δὲ τὸ νῦν ἐν ταλαιπωρίᾳ δεικνύμενον. «Ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεὸς,» φησὶ, «τὸν ἄνθρωπον, κατ' εἰκόνα Θεοῦ ἐποίησεν αὐτόν.».Τέλος ἔχει ἡ τοῦ κατ' εἰκόνα γεγενημένου κτίσις. Εἶτα ἐπανάληψιν ποιεῖται τοῦ κατὰ τὴν κατασκευὴν λόγου, καί φησιν. «Ἄρσεν καὶ θῆλυ ἐποίησεν αὐτούς.». Παντὶ γὰρ οἶμαι γνώριμον εἶναι, ὅτι ἔξω τοῦτο τοῦ πρωτοτύπου νοεῖται· «Ἐν γὰρ Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ,» καθώς φησιν ὁ Ἀπόστολος, «οὔτε ἄῤσεν οὔτε θῆλύ ἐστιν.». Ἀλλὰ μὴν εἰς ταῦτα διῃ ρῆσθαι ὁ λόγος φησὶ τὸν ἄνθρωπον. Οὐκοῦν διπλῆ τίς ἐστιν ἡ τῆς φύσεως ἡμῶν κατασκευὴ, ἤ τε πρὸς τὸ Θεῖον ὡμοιωμένη, ἥ τε πρὸς τὴν διαφορὰν ταύτην διῃρημένη. Τοιοῦτον γάρ τι ὁ λόγος ἐκ τῆς συν τάξεως τῶν γεγραμμένων αἰνίττεται, πρῶτον μὲν εἰπὼν, ὅτι «Ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεὸς τὸν ἄνθρωπον, κατ' εἰκόνα Θεοῦ ἐποίησεν αὐτόν·» πάλιν δὲ τοῖς εἰρημένοις ἐπαγαγὼν, ὅτι «Ἄρσεν καὶ θῆλυ ἐποί ησεν αὐτοὺς,» ὅπερ ἀλλότριον τῶν περὶ Θεοῦ νοουμένων ἐστίν. Οἶμαι γὰρ ἐγὼ δόγμα τι μέγα καὶ ὑψηλὸν διὰ τῶν εἰρημένων ὑπὸ τῆς θείας Γραφῆς παραδίδοσθαι. Τὸ δὲ δόγμα τοιοῦτόν ἐστι· Δύο τινῶν κατὰ τὸ ἀκρότατον πρὸς ἄλληλα διεστη κότων, μέσον ἐστὶ τὸ ἀνθρώπινον, τῆς τε θείας καὶ ἀσωμάτου φύσεως, καὶ τῆς ἀλόγου καὶ κτηνώδους ζωῆς. Ἔξεστι γὰρ ἑκατέρου τῶν εἰρημένων ἐν τῷ ἀνθρωπίνῳ συγκρίματι θεωρῆσαι τὴν μοῖραν; τοῦ μὲν θείου τὸ λογικόν τε καὶ διανοητικὸν, ὃ τὴν κατὰ τὸ ἄῤῥεν καὶ θῆλυ διαφορὰν οὐ προσίεται· τοῦ δὲ ἀλόγου τὴν σωματικὴν κατασκευὴν καὶ διάπλασιν εἰς ἄῤῥεν τε καὶ θῆλυ μεμερισμένην. Ἑκάτερον γὰρ τούτων ἐστὶ πάντως ἐν παντὶ τῷ μετέχοντι τῆς ἀνθρωπίνης ζωῆς. Ἀλλὰ προτερεύειν τὸ νοερὸν, καθὼς παρὰ τοῦ τὴν ἀνθρωπογονίαν ἐν τάξει διεξελθόντος ἐμάθομεν, ἐπιγεννηματικὴν δὲ εἶναι τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ τὴν πρὸς τὸ ἄλογον κοινωνίαν τε καὶ συγγένειαν. Πρῶτον μὲν γάρ φησιν, ὅτι «Ἐποίησεν ὁ Θεὸς κατ' εἰκόνα τοῦ Θεοῦ τὸν ἄνθρωπον,» δεικνὺς διὰ τῶν εἰρημένων, καθώς φησιν ὁ Ἀπόστολος, ὅτι ἐν τῷ τοιούτῳ ἄῤῥεν καὶ θῆλυ οὐκ ἔστιν. Εἶτα ἐπάγει τῆς ἀνθρωπίνης φύσεως τὰ ἰδιώματα, ὅτι «Ἄῤῥεν καὶ θῆλυ ἐποίησεν αὐτούς.».   Ἅγιος Γρηγόριος Νύσσης, Περὶ Κατασκευής Ἀνθρωπου

One must, then, examine the words carefully, for thus we find that that made 'in the image' is one thing, and that now manifested in wretchedness is another. 'God created man,' it says; 'in the image of God He created him,' 1 and there is the end of the creation of what was made 'in the image'. Then resuming the account of creation, it says, 'Male and female He created them.'1 I think that all are so knowledgeable that they are aware that this is a departure from the prototype: for 'in Christ Jesus,' as the Apostle says, 'there is neither male nor female.' 2 Yet the phrase declares that man is thus divided. Thus in a way twofold is the creation of our nature, one being like to God, one being divided according to this distinction, for something like this the passage obscurely tells by its arrangement, first saying that, 'God created man, in the image of God He created him,' and then, adding to what has been said, 'Male and female He created them,' a thing which is alien to the conception of God. I think that through these words Holy Scripture gives to us a certain great and lofty teaching. And the doctrine is this: two natures, the Divine and incorporeal nature, and the irrational life of brutes, are separated from each other as extremes, and human nature is the mean between them, for in man we may see a part of each of the natures mentioned, of the Divine, the rational and intelligent element, which does not permit the distinction of male and female, and of the irrational, our bodily form divided into male and female, for each of these elements is certainly found in all that partakes of human life. But that the intellectual part precedes the other, we learn from the order presented in the account of the making of man, and that the community and relationship with the irrational in man is for the purpose of reproduction. For he says first that 'God created man in the image of God', showing by these words, as the Apostle says, that in such there is no male or female 2, then are added the specific properties of human nature: 'Male and female He created them'1 Saint Gregory of Nyssa, On The Making of Man  1.Gen 1 . 27 2 Gal 3.28