Fear And Hope

Ab auditu malo non timebit, paratum est cor ejus sperare in Domino... Illum auditum malum dicit, quem audituri sunt impii: Ite in ignem aeternum, et reliqua. Malus enim illis videtur qui justa serveritate plectendi sunt: quia fas dicit non est, nisi justum Domini semper esse judicum. Et ne solum beatos putares poenas noxias non timere, sequitur, paratum cor ejus sperare in Domino, ut promissa ipsius percipiant, qui saeculi illecebras ejus juvamine calcaverunt; quibus ipse dicturus est: Venite benediti Patris mei, percipite regnum quod vobis paratum est ab origine mundi. Cor autem positum est pro rectae mentis affectu, quod sine aliqua cunctatione promissa novit expetere. Cassiodorus, Expositio In Psalterium, CXI Source: Migne PL 70.806d

He shall not fear the hearing of evil, his heart is prepared to hope in the Lord... 1 He speaks of that hearing of evil that the wicked will hear: 'Go into eternal fire,' 2 and the rest. For it seems evil to them that they are struck with just severity, because one does not speak rightly unless that the judgement of the Lord is always just. And lest you might think that the blessed lack only that fear of woeful punishments, he continues: 'his heart is prepared to hope in the Lord,' that receiving His promises, with His help, they crush down worldly snares, to whom He shall then say, 'Come blessed of my Father, receive the kingdom which has been prepared for you from the beginning of the world.' 3 For the heart established in the disposition of a right mind knows how to have hope in the promises without any hesitation. Cassiodorus, Commentary On The Psalms, from Psalm 111 1 Ps 111.7 2 Mt 25.41 3 Mt 25.34

Grief And Hope

Nolumus autem vos ignorare, fratres, de iis qui dormiunt; ne contristemini, sicut et caeteri qui spem non habent. Nam si credimus quod Jesus mortuus est et resurrexit, sic et Deus illos, qui dormierunt per Jesum adducet cum eo. Manifesta est ratio, quia si resurrectio creditur mortuorum futura, non sunt lugendi, qui cum signo crucis exeunt. Lugendi autem vere sunt infideles, qui hinc transeunt in gehennam; ut ediscant verum esse, quod credere noluerunt. Fideles autem resurgent ad gloriam, ut qui in saeculo stulti habiti sunt propter fidem, videantur prudentes; providerunt enim sibi gloriam. Hi sunt qui per Jesum, id est, sub spe fidei hujus exeuntes, adducentur cum eo in adventu ejus; ut ab hominibus videantur. Cum tamen ipse defuncti excessum lugendum prohibeat, ipse alibi dicit: Ne tristitiam haberem. Sed jam suo loco solutum est. Ambrosiaster, In Epistolam ad Thessalonicenses Primam Caput IV Source: Migne PL 17.449d-450a

We do not wish you to be ignorant, brethren, concerning those who are asleep, so that you are not sorrowful, even as others who have no hope. For if we believe that Jesus died and rose again, so God will bring with Him even those who have slept through Jesus. 1 The reason is obvious, because if there is belief in the future resurrection of the dead, then they who depart with the sign of the cross should not be mourned. In truth mourning is for the faithless, who pass from here into hell, that there they learn the truth they refused to believe in here. But the faithful shall rise to glory, so that those who in the world lived as fools on account of faith, shall appear wise, for they foresaw glory for themselves. These who depart through Jesus, in the hope of faith in Him, shall attend Him in His coming, so that they will be seen by men. However when here he prohibits them to mourn excessively for the dead, he says elsewhere: 'Lest I be sorrowful.' 2 And now in this passage the matter is resolved. Ambrosiaster, Commentary On The First Letter of Saint Paul To The Thessalonians, Chapter 4 1 1 Thes 4.12-13 2 Phil 2.27

Preparing For The Kingdom

Appropinquabit enim regnum caelorum... Id est, beatitudo regni caelestis: quam praeparavit fidelibus Deus, ac si dicat, Parate vos per poenitentiam et per patientiam ad percipiendam beatitudinem regni caelestis: qui appropinquabit tempus mercedis reddendae. Qui mala timetis, aut concupiscitis bona, attendite, quia appropinquabit regnum caelorum. Si vos mala non terrent, vel bona delectant: aut si regna non concupiscitis, vel tormenta timete. Gaudeant justi, quia jam finiuntur mala eorum, et incipiunt bona. Lugeant peccatores, quia jam transeunt bona eorum, et incipiunt mala. Quid nocuit hominibus justis, quia mala passi sunt, cum coeperint esse in bonis? Nam et recordatio transactorum malorum non solum non nocet, sed adhuc magis delectat. Nam mala quamdiu praesentia sunt, gravia videntur: cum vero transacta fuerint, recordatio eorum gloriata est. Aut quid prodest peccatoribus, quia bona sunt consequuti, cum coeperint esse in malis? Nam recordatio transactorum bonorum non solum non adjuvat, sed adhuc amplius gravat. Nam quamdiu praesentia sunt, delectabilia videntur: cum vero transacta fuerint, recordatio eorum magis affligit. Et ista praedicatio poenitentiae qualem fructum contulit Christo? Seminavit verbum poenitentiae, et immaculatos praedicatores justitiae messuit. Opus Imperfectum in Matthaeum, Homilia VI Source: Migne PG 56.674

For the kingdom of heaven is at hand... 1 That is, the blessedness of the heavenly kingdom, that God has prepared for His faithful ones, 2 as if He said, 'Prepare yourself through penance and through patience to take possession of the blessedness of the heavenly kingdom, for the time for the giving of the reward is near.' You who fear evil or desire good things, attend, because the kingdom of heaven is near. If evil things do not trouble you, if you do not delight in good things, either you do not desire the kingdom of heaven, or you do not fear torment. But let the righteous delight, because now their evils are coming to an end, and good things are beginning. But let sinners lament, because now their good things are passing away, and their evils are beginning. How has it harmed righteous men that because they have suffered evils, they now begin to be among good things? For the remembrance of evils undergone not only does no harm, but delights all the more. For while evils were present, they seemed so heavy, when however they have passed away, the memory is glorious. Or how shall it profit sinners, that with their goods passing away, they begin to be among evil things? The remembrance of their bygone goods will not help them, but rather it will increase their distress. For while such things were present, they seemed delightful, but when they have passed away, the memory of them is a greater affliction. And this preaching of penance, what sort of fruit does it bear for Christ? He sows the word of penance, and he reaps immaculate proclaimers of righteousness. Opus Imperfectum on Matthew, from Homily 6 1 Mt 4.17 2 Mt 25.41, 1 Cor 2.9

Blessedness Perfected

Beati qui esuriunt et sitiunt justitiam.... Sed quid facimus de eo, quod non ait, quaerunt, sed esurient justitiam, nisi ut intelligamus id esse justitiam animae, quod cibum et potum carni? Ipsa viaticum in itinere, juxta quod ex parte est: ipsa coena in patria, ubi perfecta est, ipsa lac parvulis, ipsa esca viris. Unde illa Prophetae exsecratio: Sicut ablactatus super matre sua, ita retribues in animam meam. Beati ergo qui esuriunt et sitiunt justitiam, quoniam ipsi saturabuntur. Tunc plena beatitas, qunado plena satietas; tunc plena plene satiabor, qui nunc in parte ex parte fruor. Nunc ad medicinam, tunc ad delectationem: nunc ad disciplinam, quae in praesenti videtur habere aliquid difficultatis moeroris, tunc ad gloriam, quando exercitatis per eam pacatissimum feret fructum of ipsius justitiae; ut hic quasi quidam flos justitiae sive omnis virtutis appareat, ibi plenitudo fructus carpatur. Sic sic ab inchoatione per profectum ad perfectum justitiae dirigendi sunt, qui in virtute beatitudinem quaerunt: cujus inchoatio quidem continet, nemini injuriam facere, profectus illatam patienter ferre, perfectio omnibus benefacere, si potest, si minus, velle. Isaac, Cisterciensis Abbas, Sermo III, In Festo Omnium Sanctorum Source: Migne PL 194.1698d-1699a

Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness... 1 But what are we to make of this, that He does not say 'seek' but 'hunger' for righteousness, unless we understand that righteousness to the soul is as food and drink to the flesh? This is the food supplied on the way, according to which it is but partial, and then this is the feast in the fatherland, where it is perfected. This is milk for the babe, and then this is solid food for the man. 2 Whence the outburst of the Prophet, 'Like a weaned boy over his mother, thus you shall return it to my soul.' 3 Blessed, therefore, are those who hunger and thirst, for they shall be satisfied. Then blessedness is complete when there is full satisfaction. Then indeed I shall be fully satisfied with what I now enjoy in part. Now is the medicine, then the joy. Now is discipline, which in the present can seem so difficult and grievous, then the glory, when by exertion in discipline it bears the most peaceful fruit of righteousness. 4 Thus as there may appear here a certain bloom of righteousness, or of any virtue, so there the fullness of the fruit shall be plucked. Thus they who seek blessedness in virtue are directed from the beginning on through improvement to the perfection of righteousness, which beginning certainly consists of doing no harm to anyone, and whose advance is that we should suffer injury patiently, and whose perfection is the wish to do good to everyone, insofar as it is possible, even if little. Isaac of Stella, from Sermon 3 On The Feast Of All Saints 1 Mt 5.6 2 1 Cor 3.1-2 3 Ps 130.2 4 Heb 12.11

Blessings And Heaven

Beati mundo corde, quoniam ipsi Deum videbunt. Sex sunt opera misericordia, sicut diximus, quae hominem purificant et emundant. Nonne haec opera sex hydriae in Galilaea positae ad purificationem Judaeorum? Aquae mundat, eleemosyna mundat. Fide, inquit, mundanus corda eorum. Beati autem mundo corde, quoniam ipsi Deum videbunt. Nonne vita aeterna est videre te Deum, et quem misisti Jesum Christum? Beati, Domine, qui te viderunt et in te credidetunt, spe non re. Nam et mundi corde hodie te vident, nec tamen beati sunt, vident sed per speculum, et in aenigmate, et quasi sub nube. Erit tempus quando videbunt te facie ad faciem in splendoribus sanctorum, gloria et honore coronatum, non in diademate majestatis tuae, sed quasi unigentium a Patre plenum gratiae et majestatis. Tunc exsultabimus et gaudebit cor nostrum; tunc erit Sabbatum de Sabbato; tunc erit in ore hominum canticum novum, et vox quasi laetentium omnium. Ibi sicut Christus splendor et figura substantiae Dei, sic apparebit in figura Dei et gloria majestatis. O custos hominum et redemptor noster, ad te levavi oculos meos, oculos scilicet cordis mei. Sicut enim oculi servorum in manibus dominorum suorum, ita oculi nostri ad te, Domine, donec miserearis nostri. Verutamen turbatus est a furore oculis meis; dereliquit me virtus mea, et lumen oculorum meorum, et ipsum non est mecum. Non possum videre faciem tuam nisi oculo mundi cordis. In immunditiis concepit me mater mea; et: Quis potest facere mundum de immundo conceptum semine? Nonne tu qui solus es? Cor mundum crea in me, Deus, Deus cordis mei, et pars mea Deus in aeternum. Tibi dixit cor meum; exquisivit te facies mea, faciem tuam, Domine, requiram. Quid enim mihi est in caelo, et a te quid volui super terram? Dominus illuminatio mea, et salus mea, quem timebo? Illumina oculos meas ne unquam obdormiam in morte: nequando dicat inimicus meus: Praevalui adversus eum. Tu es funiculus haerditatis meae, portio mea in terra viventium. In terra, quae promittitur mitibus; in terra consolationis, quae lugentibus offertur, in regno coelorum, quid patientibus et pauperibus datur; in haereditate sanctorum, et pace filiorum Dei; in pace Dei, quae exsuperat omnem sensum, quae filios Dei consortes beatiudinis facit. Beati, enim pacifici quoniam filii Dei vocabuntur. Petrus Blenensis, Sermo XLVII, In Festo Omnium Sanctorum Source: Migne PL 207.700d-701c

Blessed are the pure of heart, for they shall see God. 1 There are six works of mercy, as we have said, which purify and cleanse a man. Were there not six jugs placed in Galilee for the purification of the Jews? 2 Water cleanses, alms cleanse. With faith, it is said, their hearts were clean. 3 And blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God. Is it not that eternal life is the seeing of you, God, and Him whom you sent, Jesus Christ? Blessed, O Lord, are those who have seen you and believed in you, not the mere hope of it. For even the pure of heart see you today, yet they are not blessed, but they see through a mirror, in a mystery, 4 and as beneath a cloud. There shall come a time when they shall see you face to face in the splendour of your holy ones, crowned with glory and honour, 5 though your majesty is not in a diadem, but as the Only Begotten of the Father, full of grace and majesty. Then our hearts shall exult and rejoice, 6 then shall be the Sabbath of Sabbaths, then there shall be a new song in the mouths of men, 7 and the sound shall be as a multitude rejoicing. There as Christ is the splendour and figure of the substance of God, so He shall appear in the figure of God and the glory of majesty. O guardian of men and our Redeemer, to you I lift up my eyes, certainly the eyes of my heart. For as the eyes of servants are on the hands of their masters, so are our eyes turned to you, O Lord, until you are merciful to us. Truly my eyes were troubled with fury, my strength deserted me, and the light of my eyes was not with me. 8 I am not able to see your face, unless I have a pure heart. In uncleanliness my mother conceived me, and who is able to make me clean from the uncleanliness of the seed of my conception? Is it not you alone? Create a pure heart in me, O God, God of my heart, and my portion in eternity, O God. My heart has said to you, 'My face seeks you, your face, O Lord, I need. What is there for me in heaven, and what from you shall I wish on the earth? O Lord, my illumination and my salvation, whom shall I fear? Illuminate my eyes lest I ever sleep in death, lest my enemy ever say: 'I have prevailed over him.' 9 You are the portion of my inheritance, my gateway into the land of the living. 10 Into that land which is promised to the meek, into the land of consolation which is offered to those who weep, into the kingdom of heaven that is given to the patient and the poor, into the inheritance of the saints, and into the peace of the sons of God, into the peace of God which surpasses all understanding, which makes the sons of God associates of the blessing. Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called sons of God. 11 Peter of Blois, from Sermon 47, On The Feast of All Saints 1 Mt 5.8 2 Jn 2.6 3 Acts 15.9 4 1 Cor 13.12 5 Ps 109.3, Ps 8.6 6 Prov 23.16 7 Ps 39.4 8 Ps 122.1,2 -3, Ps 6.8, Ps 37.11 9 Ps 50.7, Job 14.4, Ps 50.12, Ps 72.26, Ps 26.8, Ps 72.25, Ps 26.1, Ps 12.4-5 10 Ps 104.11, Ps 141.6 11 Mt 5.3-9, Phil 4.7

Tribulation And Rest

Et unus de senioribus dixit mihi: Hi qui amicti sunt stolis albis, qui sunt? Ad hoc interrogat, ut doceat. Et dixit mihi: Hi sunt qui venerunt ex magna tribulatione. Per multas tribulationes oportet nos introire in regnum Dei.'Quis autem nesciat tribulationem Antichristi caeteris futuram esse majorem? Et laverunt stolas suas in sanguine Agni. Non de solis martyribus dicit. Illi enim sanguine proprio lavantur. Ecclesiam autem totam sanguis Jesu Filii Dei mundat ab omni delicto, ideo sunt ante thronum Dei. Illi enim digni habentur illic in Dei consistere ministerio, qui hic inter adversa fideles nominis ejus confessores existunt. Et serviunt ei die ac nocte in templo ejus. More nostro loquens, aeternitatem significat. Et qui sedet in throno habitabit super illos. Thronus Dei, sancti sunt, super quos et in quibus in saecula habitat Deus. Non esurient neque sitient amplius. Hoc est quod Dominus ipse promisit: 'Ego sum,' inquiens, 'panis vitae: qui venit ad me, non esuriet, et qui credit in me, non sitiet unquam'. 'Beati enim qui esuriunt et sitiunt justitiam, quoniam ipsi saturabuntur.' Neque cadet super illos sol, neque ullus aestus. Transivimus, inquit, per ignem et aquam, et induxisti nos in refrigerium. Quoniam Agnus, qui in medio throni est, reget illos. Agnum in medio dicit esse throni, qui superius Agnum a sedente in throno librum dixerat accepisse, docens Ecclesiam unum esse Patri et Filio thronum, in qua per fidem inhabitat unus, tota Trinitas, Deus. Et deducet eos ad vitae fontes aquarum. Ad consortium utique sanctorum, qui fontes sunt doctrinae coelestis. Potest et ipsa Dei visio significari, in quo sunt thesauri sapientiae et scientiae absconditi. Juxta quod David ait: 'Sicut cervus desiderat ad fontes aquarum, ita desiderat anima mea ad te Deus.' Et absterget Deus omnem lacrymam ab oculis eorum. Immortalium adepta plenitudine gaudiorum, omnis moeror penitus oblivioni mandabitur. Beati enim qui lugent, quoniam ipsi consolabuntur. Potest autem visio hujus turbae stolatae de praesenti etiam tempore intelligi, ubi spe salvi facti sumus, et quod non videmus sperantes, per patientiam exspectamus. Sanctus Beda, Explanatio Apocalyspsis, Caput VII Source: Migne PL 93.153b-154b

And one of the elders said to me, 'Who are these who are clothed in white robes?' 1 He asked that he might teach. And he said to me: 'These have come through great tribulation' Through many tribulations we shall enter into the kingdom of God. 2 And who does not know that the tribulation of the Antichrist in the future shall be great? And they washed their garments in the blood of the Lamb. This is not said of the martyrs alone. It is right that they wash in the blood, but also the whole Church is cleansed from every sin by the blood of Jesus the Son of God, and so they too are before the throne of God, and they indeed are worthy to enter into the service of God who here in adversity have stood as faithful confessors of His name. And they serve him day and night in His temple. In our manner of speaking this signifies eternity. And He who sits on the throne shall dwell over them. The throne of God are the saints, over whom and in whom God dwells through the ages. They will not hunger or thirst anymore. This is what the Lord promised. 'I am,' He said, 'the bread of life. He who comes to me shall not hunger and he who believes in me shall not thirst.' And, 'Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they shall be filled.' 3 Nor shall the sun strike them, nor any heat. 'We passed,' it says, 'through fire and water, and you led us into rest.' 4 Because the lamb, who is in the midst of the throne, shall rule them. The lamb is said to be in the midst of the throne, and before this it was said that the lamb took the book from one seated on the throne, 5 which teaches that the Church is the one throne of the Father and the Son, in which through faith they dwell as one, the whole Trinity, God. And he shall lead them to springs of flowing water. To the gathering of the saints who are the springs of heavenly teaching. The same image can also signify God, in whom the treasuries of wisdom and knowledge are hidden. Whence David says, 'Like the hart that desires springs of water, so my soul desires you, O God.' 6 And he shall wipe away every tear from their eyes. On receiving the fullness of immortal joy all sorrow shall be consigned to oblivion. 'Blessed are those who weep, for they shall be comforted.' 7 This scene can also signify the troubles of the present time when we hope for salvation, and not seeing that for which we hope, we wait patiently. Saint Bede, Commentary on the Apocalypse, Chapter 7 1 Apoc 7.14 2 Acts 14.21 3 Jn 6.35, Mt 5.6 4 Ps 65.12 5 Apoc 5.6-7 6 Ps 41.2 7 Mt 5.5

The Devil's House

Quae est domus illius? Mundus iste. Et vasa illius? Peccatores et infideles, habitantes in eo. Audiens ergo, mundum domum esse diaboli, fuge mundum, ne diutius habitans in domo diaboli, iterum fias servus ipsius. Sicut enim in domo Dei malum non est, ita in domo diaboli non invenitur bonum. Nam sicut Deus in domo sua non vult videre malum, sustinere autem videtur pro tempore malum, non quia delectatur in malo, sed ut convertat eum ad bonum: sic et diabolus in domo sua non vult videre bonum, sustinere vero videtur bonum, non quia delectatur in bono, sed ut suadeat eum in malum. Et Deus quidem per suam benevolentiam vocat malum ad bonum, ita non necessitate, sed voluntate corrigatur ad bonum. Diabolus autem per suam violentiam persequitur bonum, ut etsi non voluntate, vel ex necessiate cogatur ad malum. Fuge autem mundum, conversatione, non corpore. Nam et ipse mundus non natura diaboli est, sed corruptione. Nec ab initio fecit hunc mundum diabolus, sed Deus: postea corruptione factus est diaboli. Ergo mundus quidem ipse Dei est: corruptio autem mundi diaboli est. Si ergo de mala conversatione recesseris, etsi corpore sis in mundo, recessisse videris de mundo diaboli, et esse in mundo. Nunc quod vivimus, in Dei mundo vivimus: quod autem peccamus, in diaboli mundo peccamus. Fuge ergo de mundo, id est, de voluptatibus mundi, ne forte diutius vivens in possessione operum ejus, fias proprius servus ipsius. Sicut ingenuus homo si diutius in possessione vel domo potentis alicujus et violenti fuerit commortatus, per possessionem longi temporis usu capit eum in servitute: sic et homo si diutius fuerit in possessione diaboli, usu longi temporis vindicat sibi dominum super eum, ita ut nemo se possit a dominatione diaboli liberare, nisi sola potentia Dei. Opus Imperfectum in Matthaeum, Homilia XXIX Source: Migne PG 56.786

What is Satan's house? It is this world. And his vessels? Sinners and the faithless, those who dwell in him. Hearing, therefore, that the world is the house of the devil, flee the world, lest dwelling for a long time in the house of the devil you are made his slave. For as in the house of God there is no evil, so no good is found in the house of the devil. For as God does not wish to see evil in His own house, yet seems to endure evil for a time, this is not because He takes any joy in evil, but that He might convert a man to the good, and so the devil, who does not wish to see good in his house, is seen to suffer good there, not because he delights in goodness, but that he might persuade a man to become evil. And certainly God by His own benevolence calls evil to goodness, and thus correction to the good is not by necessity but by free will, but the devil by his own violence oppresses the good, so that if not by free will, then by necessity he will drive to evil. Flee the world, that is, its conduct, not the body. For even this world is not by nature the devil's, but it is his in its corruption. The devil did not make this world in the beginning, but God did, and later the devil corrupted it. Therefore certainly the world is God's, but the corruption of the world is the devil's. If, therefore, you withdraw from a wicked way of life, even if living in the body, you shall be seen to have withdrawn from the world of the devil, even while you are in the world. Now in that we live, we live in the world of God, but because we sin, we sin in the world of the devil. Flee, then, the world, that is, the pleasures of the world, lest living long in the possession of its works, you be made its slave. If a free born man is a strong man's possession, or if by violence he is constrained to stay in his house, the long duration of possession puts him in a state of servitude. So it is with a man who is in the long possession of the devil, for by the usage of long time the devil establishes himself as his master over him, so that no one is able to liberate him from the devil's domination, unless only the power of God. Opus Imperfectum on Matthew, from Homily 29 1 Mt 8.5-6 2 Lk 1.38

Numerous Fears

Sed libera nos a malo... Liberari enim a malo, est a saeculo nequam nunquam illici, sed expediri a desiderio hujus mundi, qui praesentia bona ostendens, invisibilia deridens, homines ad se attrahit. Haec omnia non possumus facere, nisi per spiritum timoris. Audiamus enim Deum gehennam minantem, et per hoc exterriti, mundo renuntiabimus, et Deo servire cum dilectione incipiemus. Nota quod timores quatuor sunt, duo terreni, et duo divini. Unus est, quando homines timemus, ne nobis nostra auferant, et ideo peccamus; vel quotiescunque propter aliquem timorem peccamus, ne viles simus, ne derideamur; sicut quando sectatores efficimur, quod prohibet Dominus, dicens: Nolite timere eos, qui corpus occidunt, et iste vocatur humanus timor. Est et alius timor, qui vocatur servilis, quando poenam timemus, et ideo non peccamus, et tamem voluntatem peccandi non amittimus. Sic Judaei pro sola formidine a malo abstinebant, nec aliquam dilectionem in bono faciendo habebant, nec Deum diligebant. Hi duo timores nihil faciunt ad salutem, sed nocent. Sunt alii duo. Unus est, quando Deum timemus, propter gehennam, et ideo a malo abstinemus, sed tamen cum dilectione boni est, et sine voluntate peccandi, et ita Deum diligere incipimus. Hunc timorem jubet Dominus, cum dicit: Potius timete illum qui habet potestatem corpus et animam mittere in gehennam ignis. De hoc timore dicitur, Initium sapientiae timor Domini. Tunc enim Deum timemus, quum eum per timorem diligimus. Tunc tantum poenam timemus, cum Deum non diligimus, et tamen a malo propter poenam abstinemus. Iste tertius timor est imperfectorum, et tamen salvandorum, quamvis non habeant perfectam charitatem. Perfecta enim charitas foras mittit hunc timorem tertium. Qui enim habet perfectam charitatem, etiamsi nullam poenam esse sciret, tamen Deo solum ex dilectione serviret, et eum offendere timeret. Anselmus Laudunensis, Enarrationes In Matthaeum, Caput V Source: Migne PL 162.1284d-1285b

But free us from evil... 1 To be freed from evil is never to be able to be charmed by the evil world, but to be delivered from the desire of this world, that which to attract men to itself sets forth present goods and derides invisible ones. And we cannot do any of this unless through a spirit of fear. For let us hear God threatening hell, and terrified by this we renounce the world and we begin to serve God with love. Observe that there are four types of fear, two of the world, and two Divine. One is when we fear men, lest they take something that is ours from us, and therefore we sin, or as many times as we sin on account of a fear of seeming to be vile or ridiculous, as when we become sectarians, which fear the Lord prohibits, saying, 'Do not fear those who can kill the body,' 2 and this is to name a human fear. And there is another fear which is called servile, when we fear punishment, and because of this we do not sin, and yet we do not rid ourselves of the wish to sin. So the Jews abstained from evil because of fear alone, and they had no love in the doing of good, nor loved God. These two fears profit not at all for salvation, but they are harmful. There are two others. One is when we fear God on account of hell and therefore we abstain from evil, but when this is done with a good love and without the desire to sin, even in this we begin to love God. The Lord commands this fear when He says, 'Rather fear Him who has the power to cast the body and the soul into the fire of hell.' 2 Concerning this fear it is said: 'The beginning of wisdom is the fear of the Lord,' 3 For then we fear the Lord whom through fear we love. Then we fear only punishment when we do not love God and we only abstain from wickedness because of punishment. This is the third fear and it belongs to the imperfect, and yet it is of those who will be saved, although they do not have perfect love. Perfect love casts out this third fear. 4 He who has perfect love, even if he knows there is no punishment, yet he serves God from love alone, and fears to offend Him. Anselm of Laon, Commentary On The Gospel of Saint Matthew, Chapter 5 1 Mt 6.13 2 Mt 10.28 3 Sirach 1.14 4 1 Jn 4.18

Confession And The Devil

Non enim ante ad confessionem venitur, nisi prius fuerit diabalo renuntiatum. Sicut nec aurilegus ante aurum mittit in sacculum, nisi prius terram vel limum laverit universum. Ideo oportet prius repudium dicere diabolicae vanitati, et amara ejus studia abrenuntiando projicere. Abrenuntiare autem oportet non nudo sermone neque solis labiis, sed fide fortissima, et indubitata scientia, id est ut Christo se homo tota animi virtute committat, confidens, quia Christi factus desinat timere diabolum. Deinde abrenuntiat et operibus ejus malignis, id est culturis et idolis, sortibus et auguriis, pompis et theatris, furtis et fraudibus, homicidiis et fornicationibus, superbiae et jactantiae, irae et avaritiae, commessationibus et ebriositatibus, choris atque mendaciis, et his similibus malis. Quid dicimus de his, qui superfluo carnis ornatu jactare se volunt, et videri mirabiles? Taceo de exquisitis inutiliter vestimentorum subtilitatibus. Oro vos, quid faciunt in viris capilli acu crispati, comae retro quidem cervicem cooperientes, ante autem frontem penitus abscondentes, ita ut nec signo Christi locus liber relinquatur in fronte; et unde se putant habere aliquam gloriam vel decorem, inde turpitudinem et ignominiam contrahant? Similiter et mulieres caput ligantes ut scutum, ut frons tamquam vallis inter duos subsidat colles; ut de auribus pondera lapillorum auro ligata dependeant, ut brachia onerentur auro, ut cervicem premant catenae vel lapides, et pedibus sanguineae calceamentis flammulae rutilent. Quis usus in his, quae utilitas invenitur, nisi sola inanis pompa, et mens desiderio infantili corrupta? Nicetas Episcopus Aquileiensis, Fragmenta Sex, III Source: Migne PL 52.873d-875a

No one shall come to confession, unless first he shall have renounced the devil. Just like a gold prospector does not place gold in his sack, unless first he has washed off all the earth or mud from it. Therefore it necessary that one should declare that one repudiates the vanity of the devil, and cast it from one in denunciation of his bitter desires. And this renunciation should not only be in speech, not only with the lips, but with strong faith, and certain knowledge, that is, so that the man commits himself with all the virtue of his soul to Christ, confident that in Christ he does not fear the devil. Finally let him renounce his wicked works, that is his cults and idols, with fortune telling and auguries, with pomp and theatre, with thefts and deceits, with murder and fornication, with pride and boasting, with anger and avarice, with gluttony and drunkenness, with dances and delusions, and other similar evils. What then do we say of those who are pleased to vaunt themselves in the superfluous ornamentation of the flesh and be seen as wonders? I am silent regarding exquisite and intricate and useless garments. But I pray you, why do they style men's hair in tight curls, and comb it fiercely over the head so as to leave no sight of the brow at all, so that there is no place free there for the sign of Christ? And why do they think they have any glory or beauty when they are the cause of depravity and disgrace? Likewise even women bind their heads like shields, so that the brow is like a valley sunk between two hills, and from their ears hang a weight of gems bound with gold, and the arms are loaded with gold, and the neck is bound with chains and stones, and the feet are ablaze with the red flames of slippers. What use in these things, what benefit do we find in them, but empty pomp, and minds corrupted by infantile desires? Nicetas of Aquileia, Fragment 1 Titus 3.8 2 Jn 14.27 3 Rom 11.20

Fox Hunting

Πιάσατε ἡμῖν ἀλώπεκας μικροὺς ἀφανίζοντας ἀμπελῶνας, καὶ αἱ ἄμπελοι ἡμῶν κυπρίζουσιν. Πῶς ἐκεῖνος, περὶ οὗ τὰ τηλικαῦτα λέγεται, ὁ ἀνθρωποκτόνος, ὁ ἐν κακίᾳ δυνατός, οὗ ἡ γλῶσσα ὡσεὶ ξυρὸν ἠκονημένον, περὶ οὗ φησιν ὁ προφήτης ὅτι Τὰ βέλη τοῦ δυνατοῦ ἠκονημένα σὺν τοῖς ἄνθραξι τοῖς ἐρημικοῖς, καὶ Ἐνεδρεύει ὡς λέων ἐν τῇ μάνδρᾳ αὐτοῦ, ὁ δράκων ὁ μέγας, ὁ ἀποστάτης, ὁ ᾅδης ὁ πλατύνων τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ, ὁ κοσμοκράτωρ τῆς ἐξουσίας τοῦ σκότους, ὁ ἔχων τοῦ θανάτου τὸ κράτος, καὶ ὅσα ἐκ προσώπου αὐτοῦ διηγεῖται ἡ προφητεία, ὁ ἀφαιρούμενος ὅρια ἐθνῶν ἃ ἔστησε, δηλονότι ὁ ὕψιστος, κατ’ ἀριθμὸν ἀγγέλων αὐτοῦ, ὁ καταλαμβάνων τὴν οἰκουμένην ὡς νοσσιὰν καὶ ὡς καταλελειμμένα ὠὰ αἴρων αὐτήν, ὁ λέγων τιθέναι ἐπάνω τῶν νεφελῶν τὸν θρόνον αὐτοῦ καὶ ὅμοιος γίνεσθαι τῷ ὑψίστῳ, καὶ ὅσα ἐν τῷ Ἰὼβ ὁ λόγος περὶ αὐτοῦ διεξέρχεται τὰ φοβερὰ καὶ φρικώδη, οὗ χαλκαῖ μὲν αἱ πλευραί, σίδηρος δὲ χυτὸς ἡ ῥάχις, ἔγκατα δὲ αὐτοῦ σμιρίτης λίθος, καὶ πάντα τὰ τοιαῦτα, δι’ ὧν τὴν φοβερὰν φύσιν ἐκείνην ὑπογράφει ὁ λόγος, οὗτος οὖν ὁ τοσοῦτος καὶ τοιοῦτος, ὁ στρατηγὸς τῶν ἐν τοῖς δαίμοσι λεγεώνων, πῶς ὀνομάζεται παρὰ τῆς ἀληθινῆς τε καὶ μόνης δυνάμεως; μικρὸν ἀλωπέκιον. Kαὶ οἱ περὶ αὐτὸν πάντες, ἡ ὑποχείριος αὐτῷ στρατιά, πάντες κατὰ τὸ ἴσον ἐξευτελισθέντες κατονομάζονται παρὰ τοῦ παρορμῶντος πρὸς τὴν κατ’ αὐτῶν ἄγραν τοὺς θηρευτάς. Eἶεν δ’ ἂν οὗτοι τάχα μὲν αἱ ἀγγελικαὶ δυνάμεις αἱ τῆς δεσποτικῆς παρουσίας ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν προπομπεύουσαι καὶ τὸν βασιλέα τῆς δόξης ἐντὸς τοῦ βίου παράγουσαι, αἱ τοῖς ἀγνοοῦσιν ὑποδεικνύουσαι, Τίς ἐστιν οὗτος ὁ βασιλεὺς τῆς δόξης, ὁ κραταιὸς καὶ δυνατὸς ἐν πολέμῳ, ἴσως δ’ ἄν τις εἴποι καὶ τὰ Λειτουργικὰ πνεύματα τὰ εἰς διακονίαν ἀποστελλόμενα διὰ τοὺς μέλλοντας κληρονομεῖν σωτηρίαν, τάχα δὲ θηρευτὰς εἴποι τις ἂν καὶ τοὺς ἁγίους ἀποστόλους εἶναι τοὺς εἰς τὴν ἄγραν τῶν θηρίων τούτων ἐκπεμπομένους, πρὸς οὓς εἶπεν ὅτι Ποιήσω ὑμᾶς ἁλιεῖς ἀνθρώπων· οὐ γὰρ ἂν ἐνήργησαν τὴν ἀνθρωπίνην ἁλείαν τῇ τῶν λόγων περιβολῇ τὰς τῶν σῳζομένων ψυχὰς σαγηνεύοντας, εἰ μὴ πρότερον ἐκ τῶν φωλεῶν τὰ θηρία ταῦτα ἐξέβαλον, τοὺς μικροὺς ἐκείνους ἀλώπεκας ἐκ τῶν καρδιῶν λέγω, αἷς ἐνεφώλευον, ὥστε ποιῆσαι τόπον τῷ υἱῷ τοῦ θεοῦ, ὅπου ἑαυτοῦ τὴν κεφαλὴν ἀναπαύσει, μηκέτι τοῦ γένους τῶν ἀλωπέκων ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις φωλεύοντος. πλὴν οὕσπερ ἂν ὑποθῆται τοὺς ἀγρευτὰς εἶναι ὁ λόγος, τὸ μεγαλεῖον καὶ ἄφραστον τῆς θείας δυνάμεως διὰ τῶν προστεταγμένων αὐτοῖς διδασκόμεθα· οὐ γὰρ εἶπεν ὅτι θηράσατε τὸν ὗν τὸν ἐκ τοῦ δρυμοῦ τὴν ἄμπελον τοῦ θεοῦ λυμαινόμενον ἢ τὸν μονιὸν τὸν ἄγριον ἢ τὸν ὠρυόμενον λέοντα ἢ τὸ μέγα κῆτος ἢ τὸν ὑποβρύχιον δράκοντα, ἦ γὰρ ἄν τινα δύναμιν τῶν ἀντιμαχούντων διὰ τῶν τοιούτων ὁ λόγος τοῖς θηρευταῖς ἐνεδείκνυτο, ἀλλὰ πᾶσαι, φησίν, ἐκεῖναι αἱ περίγειοι δυναστεῖαι, πρὸς ἃς ἡ πάλη τοῖς ἀνθρώποις ἐστίν, ἀρχαί τε καὶ ἐξουσίαι καὶ κοσμοκράτορες σκότους καὶ πνεύματα πονηρίας, ἀλωπέκιά ἐστι μικρά, δολερά τε καὶ δύστηνα, πρὸς τὴν ὑμετέραν κρινόμενα δύναμιν. Ἐὰν ἐκείνων κατακρατήσητε, τότε ἀπολήψεται τὴν ἰδίαν χάριν ὁ ἀμπελὼν ὁ ἡμέτερος, ἡ ἀνθρωπίνη φύσις, καὶ τὴν τῶν βοτρύων φορὰν διὰ τοῦ ἄνθους τῆς ἐναρέτου πολιτείας προοιμιάσεται. Πιάσατε οὖν ἡμῖν ἀλώπεκας μικροὺς ἀφανίζοντας ἀμπελῶνας καὶ αἱ ἄμπελοι ἡμῶν κυπρίζουσιν. Ἅγιος Γρηγόριος Νύσσης, Ἐξηγησις Του Αἰσματος Των Ἀσμάτων Ὁμιλία E' Source: Migne PG 44.880c-881d

Catch for us the little foxes that destroy vineyards, even as our vines blossom. 1 How is he described, Satan, of whom these such things are said, that he is a murderer of men, powerful in evil, with a tongue like a sharpened blade, 2 and concerning whom the prophet says, 'The arrows of the mighty one, sharpened with the coals of the wastes,' and 'He lies in wait like a lion in his lair,' he who is the great dragon, the apostate, Hades that opens wide its mouth, the world ruler of the power of darkness, the one who has the power of death, 3 and then prophecy describes him speaking for himself as the one who removes the borders of the nations, which He, obviously the Most High, established according to the number of his angels, 4 and as the one who seizes the inhabited earth as if it were a nest and takes it up like forsaken eggs, and as the one who says that his throne sits above the clouds and that he is like the Most High, 5 and then there are all the fearful and terrible things that the Word tells of him in the book of Job, that his ribs are bronze and his limbs cast iron, and his entrails are powdered stone, 6 and all the statements of this sort by which the Word sketches that fearsome nature, and such he is, then, and so great, the commanding general of the legions of demons, but how is he named by the true and only Power? A little fox! And all who are around him, the army under his orders, all of them are similarly disparagingly named by the one who urges the hunters to pursue them. Certainly these would be the angelic powers, those who go before the Lord's advent on earth, and who lead the King of Glory's way into this life and who make it manifest to the ignorant 'Who this King of Glory is, the one who is strong and mighty in battle.' and in a similar manner one might say they are 'the ministering spirits,' 7 dispatched in the service of those who shall inherit salvation, and then no doubt one might say that the hunters are the holy Apostles sent forth to chase these wild animals, to whom the Lord said, 'I will make you fishers of men,' 8 for they could not have performed the fishing of men with the net of their words, catching up the souls of the saved, unless they had first cast these wild beasts out of their lairs, that is, the little foxes out of the hearts in which they were hiding, thus to make a place for the Son of God, where He may rest His head because the foxes are no longer skulking in those hearts. 9 Besides those whom the Word commands to pursue, we are taught the greatness and the wonder of the Divine power by the things enjoined upon them, for He did not say, 'Hunt the feral pig that ravages God’s vineyard from its thicket, or the wild boar, 10 or the roaring lion, or great Leviathan, or the dragon of the deep,' though the Word did indeed show in such beasts something of the power of the forces that oppose the hunters, but He says, 'All these earthly powers, with whom men struggle, princes and authorities and the world rulers of darkness, and spirits of wickedness, are little foxes, wretched and treacherous, and under your power of judgement. If you prevail over them, then our vineyard, our human nature, will receive the grace proper to it and the harvest of grapes will begin with the blossom of virtuous conduct.' Therefore 'Catch for us little foxes that destroy the vineyards, even as our vines blossom.' Saint Gregory of Nyssa, Commentary on The Song of Songs, from Homily 5 1 Song 2.5 2 Jn 8.44, Ps 51.3-44 3 Ps 119.4, Ps 9.30, Ezek 29.3, Isaiah 5.14, Eph 6.12, Heb 2.14 4 Isaiah 10.13, Deut 32.8 5 Isaiah 10.14, Isaiah 14.13–14 6 Job 40:18, Job 41.7 7 Ps 23.8, Heb 1.4 8 Mt 4.19 9 Mt 8.20 10 Ps 79.14

Fighting Demons

Ἠρώτησεν Ἀβραὰμ, ὁ τοῦ ἀββᾶ Ἀγάθωνος, τὸν ἀββᾶν Ποιμένα, λέγων· Πῶς οἱ δαίμονες πολεμοῦσί με; Καὶ εἰπεν ἀυτῷ ὁ ἀββᾶς Ποιμήν· Σὲ πολεμοῦσιν οἱ δαίμονες; Οὐ πολεμοῦσι μεθ' ἡμῶν, ἐφ' ὅσον τὰ θελήματα ἡμῶν ποιοῦμεν. Τὰ γὰρ θελήματα ἡμῶν δαίμονες γεγόνασι· καὶ αὐτοί εἰσιν οἱ θλίβοντες ἡμᾶς, ἵνα πληρώσωμεν αὐτά. Εἰ δὲ θέλεις ἰδεῖν μετὰ τίνων ἐπολέμησαν οἱ δαίμονες μετὰ Μωϋσέως, καὶ τῶν ὁμοὶων αὐτοῦ. Ἀποφθέγματα Των Ἁγίων Γερόντων, Παλλαδιος Source: Migne PG 65.337c

Abraham, the disciple of Father Agathon, questioned Father Poemen, saying, 'How do the demons fight against me?' Father Poemen said to him, 'The demons fight against you? They do not fight against us as long as we are doing our own will. For our own wills become demons and they attack us so that that we may fulfil them. But if you wish to see those with whom the demons do fight, it is with Moses and those like him.' Sayings of the Desert Fathers, Palladius of Galatia

The Staff And The Serpent

ΕΡΩΤ Θ' Διατί πρῶτον σημεῖον δέδωκε τῆς ῥαβδου τὴν εἰς ὄφιν μεταβολὴν; Ἐπειδὴ λογικῆς ὁ Φαραὼ φύσεως ῶν ὠμότητι κατὰ τῶν Ἐβραίων ἐχρήσατο, καὶ τὸ θεοειδὲς θηριῶδες ἀπέφηνε, τὴν ῥάβδον δι' ἦς αὐτὸν ἐμαστίγωσεν, εἰς ὄφιν μεταβληθῆναι προσέταξεν· εἰς ἔλεγχον μὲν τῆς ἐκείνου θηριωδίας, ἔμφασιν δὲ τῆς δυσμενείας. Καὶ γὰρ τῇ τοῦ ὄφεως ἀρᾷ καὶ τοῦτο προστέθεικεν· Ἔχθραν θήσω ἀναμέσον σοῦ καὶ ἀναμέσον τῆς γυναικὸς. καὶ τὰ ἐξῆς. Θεοδώρητος Ἐπίσκοπος Κύρρος, Εἰς Τὴν Ἐξοδον Source: Migne PG 80.232b-c

Question 9 Why for the first sign did God change the staff into a serpent? 1 Because the Pharaoh, though of a rational nature, savagely used this to oppose the Hebrews, and thus he turned what was Divine in himself into a monster. Therefore God commanded the staff, by which he would strike him, to turn into a serpent, for a reproach of his savagery and declaration of his malevolence. For even this is added to the curse of the serpent: 'I shall place enmity between you and the woman,' and the rest. 2 Theodoret of Cyrrhus, Questions On Exodus 1 Exod 7.8-10 2 Gen 3.15

Signs And Salvation

Nec difficile arbitror nosse, quemadmodum intelligi signa possint praesentia, ut sint indubitata signa credulitatis, ac per hoc et salutis. Primum enim opus fidei per dilectionem operantis, cordis compunctio est, in qua sine dubio ejiciuntur daemonia, cum eradicantur e corde peccata. Exinde qui in Christum credunt, linguis loquuntur novis, cum jam recedunt vetera de ore eorum, nec de caetero vetusta protoparentum lingua loquuntur, declinantium in verba malitiae ad excusandas excusationes in peccatis. Ubi vero compunctione cordis et oris confessione priora sunt deleta peccata, nec recidivam patiantur, et jam sint posteriora pejora prioribus, serpentes tollant necesse est, id est, ut venenatas suggestiones exstinguant. Quid tamen agendum, si qua forte radix pullulat, quae tam velociter nequeat exstirpari, sed stimulat animum concupiscentia carnis? Profecto si mortiferum quid biberint, non eis nocebit; quoniam juxta Salvatoris exemplum, cum gustaverint, nolent bibere, id est cum senserint, nolent consentire. Sic enim non eis nocebit, quia nulla damnatio est his qui sunt in Christo Jesu, concupiscentiae sensus absque consensu. Quid tamen? Molesta certe et periculosa est sic corruptae et infirmae affectionis lucta; sed qui crediderint, super aegros manus imponent, et bene habebunt, id est aegras affectiones bonis operibus operient, et hoc remedio curabuntur. Sanctus Bernardus Clarae Vallensis, Sermones De Tempore, Sermones de Tempore Ascension, Sermo I Source: Migne PL 183.301a-c

I do not judge it difficult to know, as present signs may be understood, that there are undoubtable signs of belief, and through this even salvation. For the first work of faith through the work of love is compunction of heart, in which without doubt demons are cast out when sin is torn up from the heart. Whence they who believe in Christ speak with new tongues when they take old things out of their mouths, no more speaking the bygone things of our first parents who fell to wicked words of excuse for the excusing of sins. 1 But when with compunction of heart and the confession of the mouth previous sins are wiped out, so that they might not suffer revival and the later state be worse than the first, 2 it is necessary to handle serpents 3, and this so that venomous suggestions may be extinguished. Yet what must be done if perhaps the root send forth shoots which are not able to be torn up quickly, but they provoke the soul with the lusts of the flesh? Even so, if what they drink is fatal, there is no harm to them, 4 because according to the example of the Saviour, when they taste they are unwilling to drink, 5 that is, when they are aware they do not consent. For it shall not be harmful to them, since there is no damnation for those who are in Christ, when the feeling of lust is without consent. What then? Certainly it is a troublesome and dangerous struggle for anyone with a corrupt and infirm condition, but they who have believed, they will place their hands on every sickness and be well, that is, they will cover up the disturbances of sickness with good works, and with this medicine they will be cured. Saint Bernard of Clairvaux, Sermons for the Season, Sermons on the Ascension, from Sermon 1 1 Ps 140.4, Gen 3.11-13 2 Mt 12.45, Lk 11.26 3 Mk 16.18 4 Mt 16.18 5 Mt 27.34

Sin And Patience

Aut divitias bonitatis ejus, et sustentationis, et patientiae contemnis? Ignoras quonaim benignitas Dei ad poenitentiam te adducit? Divitias bonitatis Dei ille agnoscere potest,qui considerat quanta in terris mala quotidie homines gerunt, et quomodo pene omnes declinantes, et simul inutiles facti, latam et spatiosam perditionis ambulant viam, angusto vitae itinere neglecto, et tamen his omnibus Deum productentem solem suum quotidie, et pluvias ministrantem, et qui considerat quanti quotidie in Deum blasphemant, et in coelum extendunt linguas suas. Jam quid de fraudibus, de vi, de scelere, de sacrilegiis et piaculis dicam? Quibus tamen omnibus in hoc loco illi videntur in scelere praeferri, qui alios judicantes,ipsi commitunt quae in caeteris puniunt. Si quis ergo hanc bonitatem Dei et sustentationem ejus, et patientiam contemnit, ignorat quod per haec ad poenitentiam provocatur. Sustentatio vero a patientia hoc videtur differre, quod qui infirmitate magis, quam proposito delinquunt,sustentari dicuntur: qui vero pertinaci mente velut exsultant in delictis suis, ferri patienter dicendi sunt. Sed sicut omnia in mensura fecit Deus,et pondere, et numero,ita etiam patientiae ejus certa mensura est: quam mesuram credendum est esse consumatam vel ab his qui diluvio perierunt vel ab his qui in Sodomis colelesti igne vastati sunt. Unde et de Amorrhaeis dicitur: Nondum enim repleta sunt peccata Amorrhaeorum usque nunc. Fert ergo Deus patienter, et exspectat uniuscujusque poenitentiam. Sed non nos dissolvat hoc, et tardos ad conversionem faciat,quia rursus patientiae ejus et sustentationis certa mensura est. Origenes, Commentariorum In Epistolam Beati Pauli Ad Romanos, Liber II, Interprete Rufino Aquileiense Source: Migne PG 14.874b-875a

Or do you scorn the riches of His kindness and endurance and patience? Are you ignorant that the kindness of God is to lead you to penance? 1 He is able to recognise the riches of the kindness of God who considers how much evil in the world men do every day, and how everyone goes astray and at the same time do worthless things, walking in the way of ruin that is wide and easy and neglecting the narrow way of life, and yet for all these God brings forth His sun every day and serves them with rain. 2 And consider how many blaspheme God everyday and thrust out their tongues to heaven. 3 What then shall I say of lies and violence and crimes and sacrilege and shameful acts? By all which things they also appear bearing wrong, who condemn others and then do what they punish in others. If, then, someone should scorn the kindness and endurance and patience of God, he neglects that which calls him to penance. Now endurance seems to differ from patience in this way: endurance pertains to him who wanders from what is wished because of weakness, but patience is a bearing with one who exults in his wickedness because of an obstinate mind. But as God takes the measure of all things, and weighs them, and reckons them, 4 so His patience has a certain measure, which measure must be thought to have been filled up either with those who perished in the flood, or with those who were consumed by heavenly fire in Sodom. Whence it is said of the Amorites: 'Not yet even now are the sins of the Amorites filled up.' 5 Therefore God is patient and hopes for the penance of everyone. But this should not cause us to relax and make us tardy for conversion, because His patience and endurance has a certain measure. Origen, from the Commentary on the Letter of Paul to the Romans, Book 2, Translated by Rufinus of Aquileia. 1 Rom 2.4 2 Mt 7.13-14, 5.45 3 Ps 72.9 4 Wisd 11.21 5 Gen 15.16

Attention And Reward

Υἱέ ἐμῇ ῥήσει πρόσεχε τοῖς δὲ ἐμοῖς λόγοις παράβαλε σὸν οὖς. Ὅπως μὴ ἐκλίπωσίν σε αἱ πηγαί σου φύλασσε αὐτὰς ἐν σῇ καρδίᾳ, ζωὴ γάρ ἐστιν τοῖς εὑρίσκουσιν αὐτὰς καὶ πάσῃ σαρκὶ ἴασις Καθάπερ νηπίῳ τινὶ παιδίῳ ἔπαθλα ἀεὶ ταῖς προσοχαῖς τίθησι, αὶ διεγείρει ἔξω που διεπτσημενον. Πηγαὶ δὲ ζωῆς, αἱ ἀρεταὶ, ἀφ' ὦν τὸ ζῶν ὕδωρ, ἡ γνῶσις ἡ τοῦ Χριστοῦ. Τῷ κατὰ σοφίαν προκόπτοντι, πολλαὶ πηγαὶ, καὶ οὐ μία γίνεται· ἀλλὰ κατὰ τὸ πλῆθος τῶν ἀρετῶν. Τοῖς τὰς παραινέσεις, φησὶ, φυλάττουσι ταύτας, ζωὴ γίνονται· αὖται τὸ ἆθλον. Δίδυμος Αλεξανδρεύς, Εἰς Παροιμιας, Κεφ' Δ’ Source: Migne PG 39.1628b

Attend to my words, O son, and incline your ear to my speech. Guard the founts in your heart that they not fail, for they are life to all who find them and the health of every flesh. 1 Just as a mindless boy may have his attention drawn by some reward and it may raise him up from where he has fallen. The founts of life are the virtues from where flows the water of life, which is the knowledge of Christ. According to advancing wisdom there are many founts not one, for they are as the number of the virtues. Those who observe these counsels, he says, they shall live, which is the reward Didymus the Blind, On Proverbs, Chapter 4 1 Prov 4.20-22 LXX