Judgement And Joy

Et hunc peccatorum a facie Dei interitum, necesse est ut justorum laetitia consequatur. Nam et continuo subjectum est: Et justi laetentur laetitia. Aequa enim judicii coelestis et justa moderatio est, ut peccatores morte conficere, ita, et justos laetitia munerari. Idipsum autem ad ostendendum judicii examen est consecutum: Exsultent in conspectu Dei, epulentur in laetitia. Mundo enim corde, secundum evangelicae benedictionis merita, conspectu Dei digni sunt. Verum laetari in laetitia significationis est altioris, causam scilicet perfectae laetitiae ostendens. Plerique enim in his quae sibi sunt nocitura laetantur ut gaudet lascivus in scortis, ut fur laetatur in furtis, ut unumquemque pro vitiis suis ea quae exercet oblectant. Verum qui in laetitia laetatur, causam laetitiae ex ipsius laetitiae honesta utilique veritate suscipit. Et idcirco ait: In laetitia laetentur, quia in conspectu Dei exultabunt: eam verae exsultationis docens esse laetitiam, quae conspectus Dei jucunditate perfecta sit. Exsultationis autem hujus atque epulantium gaudia, ex quibus est laetitia justorum, sanctus Moyses in divina illa Deuteronomii cantione ita meminit, dicens: Jucundamini coeli simul cum eo, et adorent eum omnes angeli Dei. Jucundamini gentes cum populo ejus, et confortent eos omnes filii Dei. In hac itaque laetitia laetabuntur et justi, coelesti gaudio unanimes, exsultationis divinae societate laetantes. Sanctus Hilarius Pictaviensis, Tractatus super Psalmos, Tractatus in Psalmum LXVII Source: Migne PL 9.444b-c

With this destruction of sinners from the face of God it is necessary that the joy of the righteous should follow, and so the Psalm continues, 'And the righteous shall rejoice in joy.' 1 The just and fair arrangement of the heavenly judgement is that sinners are swept away by death and the righteous are gifted joy. And immediately the result of judgment is revealed, 'They shall exult in the sight of God, they shall feast in joy.' With pure hearts, according to that merited by the evangelical blessing, they are made worthy of the sight of God. 2 This rejoicing in joy has a higher meaning, that is, it reveals the cause of true joy. For many rejoice in things which are harmful, so that a lascivious man has his joy in whores, a thief in theft, and likewise whoever delights in exerting himself in his vices. He who rejoices in joy, takes up the cause of joy from a true and upright and beneficial joy. And therefore it says that they shall rejoice in joy, because they shall exult in the sight of God, which teaches that the joy of true exultation is perfected in the delight in the sight of God. The joy of this exultation and feasting from which is the joy of the righteous, Moses mentions in that divine song in Deuteronomy, 'Let the heavens rejoice with Him, and let all the angels of God adore Him. Let all the nations rejoice with His people, and let all the sons of God strengthen them.' 3 In this, then, the righteous rejoice in joy, united with the joy of heaven, rejoicing in the association with Divine exultation. Saint Hilary of Poitiers, Homilies on the Psalms, from Psalm 65 1 Ps 67.4 2 Mt 5.8 3 Deut 32.43

Before The Face Of God

Certe, Fratres, modo pereant peccatores a facie Dei. Modo pereant peccatores et non pereant peccatores. Si incipiant iuste vivere, peribunt utique peccatores, sed non peribunt homines. Homo peccator, duo nomina sunt. Homo unum nomen est, et peccator unum nomen est. In his duobus nominibus intellegimus, quia unum horum Deus fecit, alterum horum homo fecit. Hominem enim Deus fecit, peccatorem se ipse homo fecit. Quid ergo contremiscis, quando tibi dicit Deus: Pereant peccatores a facie mea? Hoc tibi dicit Deus: 'Pereat in te quod tu fecisti, et servo quod ego feci.' Et modo ardet ignis in calore verbi, res est in fervore Spiritus Sancti, sicut diximus iam dudum, quia scriptum est in alio psalmo: Nec est qui se abscondat a calore eius. Spiritus autem Sancti esse calorem dicit Apostolus: Spiritu ferventes. Ergo pro facie Dei, tibi pone interim Scripturam Dei. Liquesce ab illa. Paeniteat te, cum audis haec de peccatis tuis. Cum autem te paenitet, et cum te ipsum excrucias sub calore verbi, cum etiam lacrimae currunt, nonne cerae tabescenti et tamquam in lacrimas currenti similis inveniris? Modo ergo fac quod in posterum times, et non habebis quod in posterum timeas. Sanctus Augustinus Hipponensi, Sermo XXIIa, De versu 3 Psalmi LXVII, Sicut deficit fumus, deficiant, sicut fluit cera a facie ignis, sic pereant peccatores a facie Dei. Source: Migne PL 38.151-2

Certainly, brothers, sinners perish from before the face of God. 1 Yet in a way they do perish and in a way they do not. If they begin to live rightly, sinners shall perish but men shall not. A man, a sinner, these are two names. A man is one name, and a sinner is one name. With these two names we understand that God made one of them and man made the other. God made man, man made the sinner. Why, then, do you tremble, when God says to you. 'Sinners shall perish before my face?' God is saying to you, 'Let what you have made perish in you and attend to what I have made.' In one way fire flares up in the heat of the Word, and things themselves in the fervour of the Holy Spirit, as we have already said, because it is written in another Psalm, 'There is no one who can hide himself from His heat.' And the Apostle says of the heat of the Holy Spirit, 'Fervent with the Spirit.' 2 Therefore instead of the face of God place before yourself the Scriptures of God. Melt because of them. Repent when you hear these things said of your sins. For when you repent, when you excruciate yourself with the fire of the Word, when tears run, is it not that you find similarity in the melting of wax and in the flowing of tears? Therefore do now what you fear in the future and in the future you will not have what you fear. Saint Augustine of Hippo, from Sermon 22a, On the third verse of the sixty seventh Psalm, 'As smoke vanishes, so let them vanish, as wax melts before the face of fire, so let sinners perish before the face of God.' 1 Ps 67.3 2 Ps 18.7, Rom 12.11

The Poor Of Spirit

Beati pauperes spiritu: quoniam ipsorum est regnum caelorum. Pauper spiritu est humilis corde: id est, pauperem spiritum habens, qui non maga sapit de se. Sicut ex diverso dives spiritu intelligitur magna de se sapiens, et superbus, qui non implet mandatum Christi dicentis: Nisi conversi facti fueritis sicut puer iste, non intrabitis in regnum coelorum. Qui enim jam conversus factus est sicut puer, ille est et pauper spiritu. Et qui pauper est spiritu, ille conversus factus est sicut puer. Et secundum testimonium quidem Christi,et Apostoli, Plentiudo legis dilectio est; tamen nutrix dilectionis humilitas est, et totius mali odii mater superbia. Ergo totius boni initium humilitas est, et totius mali superbia. Denique et perditionis initium a superbia coepit per diabolum, initiumque salutis ab humilitate per Christum: propterea convenienter et ominum beatituduinem humilitarem fecit initium. Opus Imperfectum in Matthaeum, Homilia IX Source: Migne PG 56.680

Blessed are the poor of spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. 1 Poverty of spirit is a humble heart, 2 that is, he who is poor of spirit does not think great things about himself. So on the contrary he is rich in spirit who thinks great things about himself and he is proud and does not fulfil the commandment of Christ which says, 'Unless you turn and become as this child you shall not enter the kingdom of heaven.' 3 For he who has turned is like a child who is poor in spirit, and he who is poor in spirit has turned and become as a child. And according to the testimony of Christ and the Apostle, 'Love is the fullness of the law,' 4 but humility is the nurse of love, and pride is the mother of every hateful evil. Therefore humility is the beginning of every good, and pride of every evil. Finally the beginning of damnation begins by pride through the devil, and the beginning of salvation by humility through Christ. Hence it was fitting that He made humility the beginning of all the beatitudes. Opus Imperfectum on Matthew, from Homily 9 1 Mt 5.3 2 Lk 6.20 3 Mt 18.5 4 Rom 13.10

Blessings And Trials

Μακάριον εἶναι λέγει, τὸν πειρασμὸν ὑπομένοντα. Γενήσεται γὰρ, φησὶν ὁ οὕτως ἀθλητικῶς ἀγαγὼν τὸν ἀγῶνα δόκιμος ἀνὴρ, διὰ πάντων γεγυμνασμενος· οὕτω δὲ ἀναφανέντι ἐκ τν σκυθρωπῶν δοθήσεται στέφανος ζωῆς, εὐτρεπισθεὶς ὑπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ τοῖς αὐτὸν ἀγαπῶσιν. Δίδυμος Αλεξανδρεύς, Εἰς Την Ἰάκωβου Ἐπιστολὴ Source: Migne PG 39.1749b-1751a

He says that he is blessed who suffers trials. 1 For let it be, he says, that he is proved a man of trial by struggling bravely and exercising himself in everything, and he will then appear from sorrows and receive a crown of life, prepared by God for those who love Him. Didymus the Blind, Commentary on The Letter of James, fragment 1 Jam 1.12

The Cherubim And The Flaming Sword

Et collocavit ante paradisum voluptatis cherubim et flammeum gladium atque versatilem ad custodiendam viam ligni vitae. Item quia cherubim scientiae multitudo, sive scientia multiplicata interpretatur, bene cherubim et flammeus gladius ad custodiendam viam ligni vitae collocatus esse perhibetur; quia nimirum per disciplinae nobis scientiam coelestis, et per laborem temporalium afflictionum, reditus ad supernam patriam patet, ex qua per stultitiam praevaricationis, perque appetitum carnalium voluptatum discessimus. Et bene non simpliciter flammam, sed gladium dicit flammeum ante paradisum esse collocatum, ut feriendas in nobis illecebras concupiscentiae temporalis insinuet gladio spiritus quod est verbum Dei, si ad lignum vitae, quod est Dominus Christus, penetrare concupiscimus. Bene eumdem gladium versatilem esse refert, ut indicet mystice non nobis semper hunc necessarium esse gladium, sed, ut scriptum est, tempus esse belli, tempus pacis denuntiet: belli videlicet, cum in hujus vitae studio adversum aereas potestates, vel etiam nostrae mentis et corporis vitia, certamus; pacis autem, cum perfecta victoria coronamur. Rabanus Maurus, Commentariorum In Genesim, Liber I, Caput XX Source: Migne PL 107.501a-502a

And He placed before the paradise of pleasure Cherubim, and a flaming sword, turning every way, to guard the way to the tree of life. 1 Because 'Cherubim' is interpreted as 'multitude of knowledge' or 'knowledge multiplied,' it is said that the Cherubim and the flaming sword were assigned to guard the way to the tree of life, certainly because it is through the discipline of heavenly understanding and endurance of temporal afflictions that there is an opening for us to return to the heavenly fatherland from which we were cut off by the foolishness of transgression and the appetite of carnal pleasure. And well does it not say just a flame, but a flaming sword was set before paradise, so that the snares of temporal pleasures we bear in us might be destroyed by the Spirit's insertion of the blade that is the word of God, 2 if to the tree of life, which is the Lord Christ, we desire to penetrate. And well is it said that sword is turning, for spiritually this indicates that this sword will not always be necessary for us, but as it is written, there is a time of war and there is a time of peace, 3 that is, the time of war is when we struggle with zeal in this life against the powers of the air, 4 or indeed against the vices of our own minds and bodies, but there is peace when we are crowned with consummate victory. Rabanus Maurus, Commentary On Genesis, Book 1, Chapter 20 1 Gen 35.24 2 Ephes 6.17 3 Eccles 3.8 4 Ephes 2.2, 6.12

Errors And Forgiveness

Saule, Saule, quid me persequeris? Et ille, Quis es, Domine? Hinc profecto datur intelligi quia vere circumfusa erat illi claritas, non infusa. Audiebat Paulus vocem Domini, sed faciem Domini non videbat; quoniam erudiebatur ad fidem: et ut ipse postea docuit, Fides ex auditu. Quis es, inquit? Ignotum enim persequebatur, et ideo consecutus est misericordiam, quia ignorans in incredulitate hoc fecit. Discite ex hoc, fratres, justum judicem Deum, non modo quid fiat, sed et quo animo fiat, considerare; et cavete deinceps, ne quis parva reputet, quamlibet parva scienter delinquere convincatur. Nemo dicat in corde suo: Levia sunt ista, non curo corrigere; non est magnum si in his maneam venialibus minimisque peccatis. Haec est enim, dilectissimi, impoenitentia, haec blasphemia in Spiritum sanctum, blasphemia irremissibilis. Paulus quidem blasphemus fuit, sed non in Spiritum sanctum, quia ignorans fecit in incredulitate. Non in Spiritum sanctum dixit blasphemiam; ideo consecutus est misericordiam. Sanctus Bernardus Clarae Vallensis, Sermones De Sanctis, Sermones de Sanctis, In Conversione Sancti Pauli, Sermo I, Quomodo ad exemplum ejus converti debemus. Source: Migne PL 183.362d-363b

Saul, Saul, why do you persecute me? 1 And he says, 'Who are you, Lord?' Without question this is given to be understood that though he was surrounded by light he was not yet infused with it. Paul heard the voice of the Lord but he did not see the face of the Lord, because he was being educated for the faith, even as he later taught, 'Faith is from hearing.' 2 'Who are you?' he says, for he was ignorant of what he was persecuting and therefore mercy followed, because being ignorant he did this in disbelief. Learn from this, brothers, that God is a righteous judge, who considers not only what a man does, but the state of his soul, and then be wary lest someone reckon something to be trivial and erring in it he is overthrown. Let no one say in his heart, 'These are light things, I have no need to correct them. It is not important if I remain in these small and venial sins.' For this, most beloved, is impenitence, and this is blasphemy against the Holy Spirit, and it is unforgiveable blasphemy. 3 Certainly Paul blasphemed, but not against the Holy Spirit, because in ignorance he acted in disbelief. He did not speak blasphemy against the Holy Spirit and therefore mercy followed. Saint Bernard of Clairvaux, Sermons on the Saints, On the Conversation of Saint Paul, from Sermon 1, that we should be converted by his example 1 Acts 9.4 2 Rom 10.7 3 Mt 12.31 Mk 3.28-29

Sin And Repentance

Μὴ ἀφῇς ἀνεξάλειπτον ἁμαρτίαν, κἂν βραχυτάτη τυγχάνῃ, ἵνα μὴ ὕστερον ἐπὶ μεῖζον κακὸν κατασύρῃ σε. Ἅγιος Μάρκος ὁ Ἐρημίτης, Περὶ Νόμου Πνευματικοῦ Source: Migne PG 65.921a-b

Do not dismiss a sin unrepented, for though things may go well for a little while, it will not be long before it drags you down into greater evil. Saint Mark The Ascetic, On The Spiritual Law.

Thoughts On Giants

ΕΡΩΤ ΜΗ’ Τίνας καλεῖ γίγαντας ἡ θεία Γραφή; Τινές φασι τοὺς ἔτη πολλὰ βεβιωκότας· τινὲς δὲ τοὺς θεομισεῖς καὶ ἀντιθέους ἀνθρώπους . Οἱ ταῦτα οὕτω νενοηκότες , οὗ φασι τούτους μείζονα τῶν ἄλλων ἀνθρώπων σώματα ἐσχηκέναι . Ἐγὼ δὲ ὅταν ἀκούσω τῆς θείας Γραφῆς λεγούσης περὶ τοῦ Ἐνάκ , ὅτι ι ἀπόγονος ἦν τῶν γιγάντων· καὶ περὶ τοῦ Ὤγ, ὅτι « ἡ κλίνη αὐτοῦ σιδηρᾶ ἦν , ἐννέα πηχῶν τὸ μῆκος, καὶ τεσσάρων πήχεων τὸ εὗρος· καὶ ὅτε οὗτος ἐκ τῶν Ῥαφαῖν ὑπελείφθη. Καὶ τῶν καττασκόπων διηγουμένων , ὅτι ἦμεν ἐνώπιον αὐτῶν ὡσεὶ ἀκρίδες· καὶ τοῦ Θεοῦ βεβαιοῦντος τοὺς λόγους , καὶ λέγοντος , ὅτι ο Παραδέδωκά σοι τὸν ᾿Αμορῥαῖον, οὗ τὸ ὕψος ἦν ὡς κέδρου , καὶ ἰσχυρὸς ἦν ὡς δρῦς· καὶ περὶ τοῦ Γολιάδ, ὅτι ι τεσσάρων πήχεων καὶ σπιθαμῆς τὸ μῆκος εἶχεν· ἡγοῦμαι γεγενῆσθαι τινὰς παμμεγέθεις ἀνθρώπους. Τοῦ Θεοῦ καὶ τοῦτο σοφῶς πρυτανεύσαντος , ἵνα γνῶσιν ὡς οὐκ ἀσθενῶν ὁ Δημιουργὸς τοσοῦτον τοῖς ἀνθρώποις ἀπένειμε μέτρον ῥᾴδιον γὰρ ἦν αὐτῷ καὶ μείζους δημιουργῆσαι· ἀλλὰ τὸν τύφον εκκόπτων, και τὴν ἀλαζονείαν κωλύων, μέγιστα τοῖς ἀνθρώποις οὐκ ἔδωκε σώματα. Εἰ γὰρ ἐν σμικροῖς σώμασιν οὐ κατ' ἀλλήλων, ἀλλὰ κατ᾿ αὐτοῦ μεγαλαυχοῦσι τοῦ ποιητοῦ, τί οὐκ ἂν ἔδρασαν μεγίστων σωμάτων μετέλαχον; Θεοδώρητος Ἐπίσκοπος Κύρρος, Εἰς Τὴν Γένεσιν Source: Migne PG 80.152a-c

Question 48 Who does Sacred Scripture call giants? 1 Some say the giants were those who lived for many years, and some that they were the opponents of God and the adversaries of men of God. Thus these think that they should not be regarded as having bodies that were larger than other men. But I, when I hear Sacred Scripture say of the race of Enac that they were sprung from among giants, 2 and concerning Og, that his bed was made of iron and was nine cubits long and four cubits broad, and he was one of the Raphaim, 3 and likewise when I hear those explorers saying that there were like locusts in the sight of them, 4 and God confirming these words and saying, 'I gave the Amorites to you whose height was as the cedar and whose strength was like the oak,' 5 and that Goliath's height was four cubits and a palm, 6 I judge that they were very tall men and that God wisely arranged this so that they might know that the Creator was not incapable of giving men such a measure, for it was easy for Him to create men of greater size, but in order to restrain their swelling pride and to put a bridle on their arrogance, He did not give most men great bodies, for if with little bodies men will not only vaunt themselves over one another but even over God, what would they not do if they had been given bodies of the greatest size? Theodoret of Cyrrhus, Questions On Genesis 1 Genes 6.4 2 Numb 13.34 3 Deut 3.11 4 Numb 13.34 5 Amos 2.9 6 1 King 17.4

Walking The Way

Dicit Glossa super Joan. xiv: Ego sum via, et veritas, et vita: via qua itur, veritas qua pes dirigitur, vita ad quam pervenitur: via per praeceptum, consilium, et exemplum: veritas per doctrinae verbum: vita per praemium. Eccli. xxiv: In me gratia omnis viae et veritatis, in me omnis spes vitaeet virtutis. Virtus enim confortat ad viam per meritum, et veritas illuminat ad vitam per doctrinam et Spiritus sancti inspirationem. Sanctus Albertus Magnus Commentarium In Evangelium Lucam, Caput II Source: Here p200

The gloss on John chapter fourteen, verse six, 'I am the way and the truth and the life,' says that the way is the path, and truth is that by which the step is directed, and life is that to which is comes. The way is through precept and counsel and example, the truth is through the word of teaching, life is the reward. In the twenty fourth chapter of Ecclesiasticus, 'In me all grace of the way and truth, in me all hope of life and virtue.' Virtue strengthens on the way through merit, and truth illuminates for life through teaching and the inspiration of the Holy Spirit. Saint Albert The Great, Commentary On The Gospel of St Luke, Chapter 2

The Way Of the Flesh And Of The Spirit

Duae sunt viae: una carnis, altera spiritus. una separat a Domino, altera revocat ad Dominum. Una visibilis, altera invisibilis. In prima mundi amatores spatiantur; in secunda mundi contemptores requiescunt. primi sunt Hebraei secundum carnem, qui sic transeunt per bona temporalia ut aeterna mala incurrant; secundi Hebraei secundum spiritum, qui per ista transeunt ad aeterna bona. Hugo De Sancte Victore, Miscellanea, Liber VI, Tit LXXXVII De via carnis et spiritus. Source: Migne PL 177.852d

There are two ways, one of the flesh, one of the spirit. One separates from the Lord, one calls to the Lord. One is visible, the other invisible. In the first way the lovers of the world stride about, in the second those who scorn the world rest. The first are Hebrews according to the flesh, and they pass through temporal goods in such a way that they rush into eternal evils; the second are Hebrews according to the spirit, who pass through these things to eternal goods. Hugh Of Saint Victor, Miscellanea, Book 6, Chapter 87, On the Way of the Flesh and of the Spirit

The Bound Soul

Et tu, fili hominis, ecce data sunt super te vincula, et ligabunt te in eis, et non egredieris in medio eorum. Cum enim praedicator quisque ad conscientiam domus suae reducitur, super eo vincula dantur, et ligatur in eis, quia quanto plus se in cogitatione discusserit, tanto amplius agnoscit justi anima quantis mortalitatis suae infirmitatibus sit ligata. Nisi enim se ligatum conspiceret Paulus, minime dixisset: Desiderium habens dissolvi, et cum Christo esse. Hinc per Psalmistam dicitur: Ut audiret gemitum vinculatorum, et solvat filios interemptorum. Et rursus: Intret in conspectu tuo gemitus compeditorum. Saepe autem cum jam anima ad Redemptoris sui speciem contemplandam exire desiderat, cum coelestibus gaudiis interesse suspirat, ipsa mortalitatis suae vincula conspicit et gemit, quibus adhuc in praesenti mundo ligata retinetur. Hinc est enim quod subtile omnipotentis Dei judicium intuens Jeremias, ait: Circumaedificavit adversum me ut non egrediar, aggravavit compedem meam. Habemus enim compedes, ipsam infirmitatem atque corruptionem mortalitatis nostrae; sed cum tribulatio nobis et gemitus additur, ipsae nostrae compedes aggravantur. Sanctus Gregorius Magnus, In Ezechielem Prophetam, Liber Primus, Homilia XII Source: Migne PL 76.923c-d

And you, son of man, see that chains have been placed on you and you shall be bound in them and you shall not go out into the midst of them... 1 When a preacher returns to the house of his conscience, chains are placed upon him, and he is bound in them, because the more he examines himself in thought, so the much more the soul of the righteous man recognises how much it is bound up in the infirmities of his own mortality. For unless Paul had looked upon himself as bound he would have hardly said, 'I have a desire to be dissolved and to be with Christ.' 2 Hence it is said by the Psalmist, 'That He might hear the groans of those in chains and free the sons of those ruined.' And again, 'Let the groans of those who are shackled enter into your sight.' 3 Often when the soul desires to depart to the contemplation of the face of its Redeemer and sigh amidst heavenly joys, it looks on the chains of its mortality and groans that it is yet detained by them in the present world. Hence Jeremiah looking on the sublime judgement of almighty God said, 'He has surrounded me with a wall and I may not go out, He has made my shackles heavier.' 4 For we do have shackles, the infirmity and corruption of our mortality, but when tribulation and groans are added our shackles are made heavier. Saint Gregory the Great, On the Prophet Ezekiel, Book 1, from Homily 12 1 Ezek 3.14 2 Phil 1.23 3 Ps 101.21, Ps 78.11 4 Lam 3.7

Refusing To Confess

Quomodo dicis, Non sum polluta, post Baalim non abii? Vide vias tuas in convalle. Sive valle, quae Hebraice dicitur ge, et a LXX interpretatur πολυάνδριον, quod sermone nostro dicit potest, sepulcrum multitudinis. Frustra, inquit, non vis confiteri sclerea sua, et jactas munditiam, quae idololatriae polluta es sordibus; et impudenter negas te coluisse idolum Baalim. Respice convallem filiorum Ennon, quae Siloe fontibus irrigatur, et ibi cernes delubrum Baal, quem relicto Dei, venerata es. Quodque additur: Scito quid feceris, clausos oculos aperit denegantis, ut cernat quod erubescit aspicere. Juxta tropologiam, impudentiam frontis eorum qui nolunt sua vitia confiteri, operibus arguamus. Hujuscemdoi enim homines non ambulant in arcta et in angusta via, quae ducit ad vitam: sed in lata et spatiosa, per quam ingrediuntur plurimi, quae ducit ad mortem. Unde et significanter πολυάνδριον nominata est. Sanctus Hieronymus, Commentariorum In Jeremiam Prophetam, Liber I, Caput II Source Migne PL 24.720d-721a

How do you say, 'I am not polluted. I have not gone off after the Baals?' Look at your ways in the valley. 1 The word valley or vale in Hebrew is 'Ge,' and was rendered by the Septuagint as 'polyandrion,' which one can say in our tongue is 'tomb of many' It is in vain, it says, that you refuse to confess your evil deeds and you boast that you are clean, even though you are polluted with the filth of idolatry and shamelessly you deny that you have worshipped the idol of the Baals. Look at the valley of the sons of Hinnom which the springs of Siloam water, and there you will see the shrine of Baal, whom you have venerated, forsaking God. And what is added, 'know what you have done,' opens the closed eyes of him who denies it, so that he will see what he blushes to look on. According to the tropological sense, let us dispute the deeds of those with proud faces, who refuse to admit their vices, for such men will not walk on the straight and narrow path that leads to life, but on the wide and spacious path that leads to death, through which many enter. 2  Whence the name of 'polyandrion,' that is, 'tomb of many' is given. Saint Jerome, from the Commentary on Jeremiah, Book 1, Chapter 2 1 Jerem 2.23 2 Mt 7.13-14

The Fall And Forgiveness

Kαὶ ἄφες ἡμῖν τὰ ὀφειλήματα ἡμῶν... Ὡς γὰρ ζῶντος ἐν ἡμιν τοῦ Ἀδὰμ πάντες οἱ καθ᾽ ἔχαστον ἄνθρωποι ἕως τοὺς δερματίνους τούτους χιτῶνας περὶ τὴν ἑαυτῶν βλέπωμεν φύσιν, καὶ τὰ πρόσκαιρα φύλλα τῆς ὑλικῆς ταύτης ζωῆς, ἄπερ τῶν ἰδίων τε καὶ λαμπρῶν ἐνδυμάτων γυμνωθέντες, κακῶς ἑαυτοῖς συνεῤῥάψαμεν, τρυφὰς καὶ δόξας, καὶ τὰς ἐφημέρους τιμὰς, καὶ τὰς ὠκυμόρους τῆς σαρκὸς πληροφορίας, ἀντὶ τῶν θείων περιθολῶν μετενδυσάμενοι· καὶ μέχρις ἂν τὸν τῆς σαρκώσεως βλέπωμεν τόπον, ἐν ᾧ κατεδιχάσθημεν παροικεῖν· ἐπειδὰν πρὸς ἀνατολὴν ἑαυτοὺς τρέψωμεν· οὐχ ὡς μόνον· ἐχεῖ τοῦ Θεοῦ θεωρουμένον· ὁ γὰρ πανταχοῦ ὧν κατ᾽οὐδὲν μέρος ἰδιαζόντως καταλαμδάνεται· ἐπίσης γὰρ περιέχει τὸ πᾶν· ἀλλ᾽ ὡς ἐν ἀνατολαῖς τῆς πρώτης ἡμῖν πατρίδος οὔσης· λέγω δὲ τῆς ἐν παραδείσῳ διαγωγῆς, ἧς ἐκπεπτώχαμεν' Ἐφύτευσεν ὃ Θεὸς παράδεισον ἐν ᾿Εδὲμ κατὰ ἀνατολάς· ὅταν τοίνυν πρὸς τὰς ἀνατολὰς βλέπωμεν, καὶ τῆς ἐκπτώσεως τῶν φωτεινῶν τε καὶ ἀνατολικῶν τῆς μακαριότητος τόπων, τῇ διανοίᾳ τὴν μνήμην λάδωμεν, εἰκότως τὴν τοιαύτην φωνὴν προσβαλλόμεθα, οἱ ὑπὸ τῆς πονηρᾶς τοῦ βίου συκῇς σχιαζόμενοι, οἱ ἐξ ὀφθαλμῶν τοῦ Θεοῦ ῥιφέντες, οἱ πρὸς τὸν ὄφιν αὐτομολήσαντες, ἐσθίοντα καὶ εἰς γῆν ἱλυσπώμενον, καὶ ἐπὶ τὸ στῇθος καὶ τὴν κοιλίαν ἑαυτοῦ πορευόμενον, καὶ ἡμῖν τὰ ἴσα ποιεῖν συμθουλεύοντα, περὶ τὴν γηΐνην ἀπὸλαυσιν ἔχειν, καὶ τοῖς χαμαιζήλοις καὶ χαμερπέσι τὴν καρδίαν ἑαυτῶν ἐπισύρειν νοήμασι, καὶ ἐπὶ κοιλίαν πορεύεσθαι, τουτέστι, περὶ τὸν ἀπολαυστιχὸν ἀσχολεῖσθαι βίον· ἐν τούτοις οὖν ὄντες κατὰ τὸν ἄσωτον ἐχεῖνον, μετὰ τὴν μαχρὰν ταλαιπωρίαν ἣν τοὺς χοίρους ποιμαίνων ὑπέμεινεν, ἐπειδὰν εἰς ἑαυτοὺς ἐπανέλθωμεν ὥσπερ κἀκεῖνος, καὶ τοῦ οὐρανίου Πατρὸς ἔννοιαν λάβωμεν, καλῶς κεχρήμεθα ταῖς τοιαύταις φωναῖς, ὅτι Ἂφες ἡμῖν τὰ ὀφειλήματα ἡμῶν. Ἅγιος Γρηγόριος Νύσσης, Εἰς Τὴν Προσευχήν, Ὀμιλιὰ Ε' Source: Migne PG 44.1184b-d

Forgive us our trespasses... 1 Since Adam is living in us, we may see each and every man with these garments of skin around our nature, and also the transitory fig leaves of this material life that we have poorly sewn together for ourselves after being stripped of our own resplendent garments, luxuries and reputation, transitory honours and the brief satisfactions of the flesh, at least when we look at this place of affliction in which we have been condemned to dwell, but when we turn to the East, and that not as if God can only be contemplated there, since He who is everywhere is not especially discernable in any part, for He contains all things equally, but because our first homeland is in the East, and here I speak of our time in Paradise from which we were cast, for 'God planted a paradise in Eden to the East,' 2 when, therefore, we look to the eastern regions and recall how it was that we were thrown out from the bright place of blessedness there, we shall have reason to speak in such a way, for we are shadowed by the evil fig tree of material life, and have been removed from the sight of God, we have taken ourselves off to the serpent that eats earth and drags himself across it, and which sliding on its chest and its belly, 3 counsels us to do the same, that is, to seek and be occupied with earthly delights, and to give our hearts to thoughts thrown down into base things, and to crawl on our belly, and so to seek and exert ourselves in the life of pleasure. Thus having been wrapped up in these things, let us imitate the Prodigal Son after he had endured the long affliction of feeding the swine. When, like him, we return to ourselves and begin to remember the Heavenly Father, we may rightly use these words, 'Forgive us our trespasses.' Saint Gregory of Nyssa, On The Lord's Prayer, from the Fifth Homily 1 Mt 6.12 2 Gen 2.8 3 Gen 3.14

Accusation And Forgiveness

Ἐσυκοφαντήθη ἀδελφὸς εἰς κοινόβιον περὶ πορνείας, καὶ ἀναστὰς ἤλθε πρὸς τὸν ἀββᾶν Ἀντώνιον· καὶ ἦλθον οἱ ἀδελφοὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ κοινοβίου θεραπεῦσαι αὐτὸν καὶ λαβεῖν· καὶ ἤρξαντο ἐλέγχειν ὅτι Οὔτως ἐποίησας. Ὁ δὲ ἀπελογεῖτο ὅτι Οὐδὲν τοιοῠτον ἐποίησα. Εὐκαίρηε δὲ ἐκεῖ ὁ ἀββᾶς Παφνούτιος ὁ Κεφαλᾶς, καὶ εἶπε παραβολὴν τοιαύτην· Εἶδον εἰς τὴν ὄχθαν τοῦ ποταμοῦ ἄνθρωπον βληθέντα εἰς βόρβορον ἕως τῶν γονάτων αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐλθόντες τινὲς δοῦναι αὐτῷ χεῖρα κατεπόντισαν αὐτὸν ἔως τοῦ τραχήλου. Καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς ὁ ἀββᾶς Ἀντώνιος περὶ τοῦ ἀββᾶ Παφνουτίου· Ἰδοὺ ἄνθωπος ἀληθινὸς, δυνάμενος θεραπεῦσαι καὶ σῶσαι ψυχάς. Κατανυγέντες οὖν τῷ λόγῷ τῶν γερόντων, ἒλαβον μετάνοιαν τῷ ἀδελφῷ. Καὶ παρακληθέντες ὑπὸ τῶν Πατέρων ἔλαβον τὸν ἀδελφὸν εἰς τὸ κοινόβιον. Ἀποφθέγματα Των Ἁγίων Γερόντων, Παλλαδιος Source: Migne PG 65.85a-b

A brother in a monastery was falsely accused of fornication and he arose and went to father Anthony. The brethren also came from the monastery to discipline him and bring him back. They set about proving that he had done this thing, but he defended himself and denied that he had done anything of the kind. Father Paphnutius, who is called Cephalus, happened to be there, and he told them this parable, 'I saw a man on the bank of the river buried up to his knees in mud and some men came to give him a hand to help him out, but they only drove him deeper in up to his neck.' Then father Anthony said this to them about father Paphnutius, 'Behold a true man, who is able to care for souls and save them.' Those present were aggrieved by the words of the elders and they asked forgiveness of the brother, then admonished by the fathers they took the brother back to the monastery. Sayings of the Desert Fathers, Palladius of Galatia

Fleeing Babylon

Fugite ergo de medio Babylonis, ut medietatem Babylonis deserentes, in finibus ejus incipiatis esse, non in medio. Quod si cui videtur obscurum, sic fiet manifestius: quia qui valde demersus est in vitiis, hic medius habitator est. Qui vero paulatim relinquens malum, et naturam suam ad meliora convertens, non tam coeperit virtutes possidere, quam cupere, iste licet ex medio fugerit Babylonis, tamen necdum de Babylone discessit. Secundum istius modi expositiones decet sacras Litteras credere, ne unum quidem apicem habere vacuum sapientia Dei. Qui enim mihi homini praecipit, dicens: Non apparebis ante conspectum meum vacuus, multo plus hoc ipse agit, ne aliquid vacuum loquatur. Ex plenitudine ejus accipientes prophetae ea, quae erant de plenitudine sumpta, cecinerunt, et idcirco sacra volumina spiritus plenitudine spirant, nihilque est, sive in Prophetis, sive in Lege, sive in Evangelio, sive in Apostolo, quod non a plenitudine divinae majestatis descendat. Quamobrem spirant in Scripturis sanctis hodieque plenitudinis verba, Spirant autem his, qui habent et oculos ad videnda coelestia, et aures ad audienda divina, et nares ad ea quae sunt plenitudinis sentienda. Haec dixi, quia non sit simpliciter positum: Fugite de Babylone, sed cum additamento necessario: Fugite de medio Babylonis, et resalvate unusquisque animam suam. Primum oportet fugere de medio Babylonis, deinde singulos animas suas resalvare, cum fugerint. Neque vero dixit salvate, sed resalvate. Appositio syllabae significat sacramentum. Quia quondam gustantes salutem, et de ea propter peccata postea corruentes, venerunt ad Babylonem. Cujus rei causa oportet resalvare animam suam, ut incipiat recuperare quod perdidit, secundum apostolum Petrum dicentem ita: Reportabimus finem fidei salutem, de qua salute exquisierunt et scrutati sunt prophetae, qui propter nostram prophetaverunt gratiam. Verumtamen in nobis est fugere de Babylone, et in nostra positum est potestate, si velimus resuscitare quod corruit. Origenes,Homiliae XIV in Jeremiam, Sermo II, Interprete Hieronymo Stridonensis Source: Migne PL 25.600a-d

'Flee, then, from the midst of Babylon,' 1 so that forsaking the midst of it you begin to be on its edges, and not in the middle of it. If this seems obscure to some, let it be made more manifest. He who is utterly immersed in vice, he is a dweller in the midst of it, but he who withdraws himself a little from evil and turns his nature to better things, and who not so much begins to possess the virtues than to recover, this one can be said to have fled from the midst of Babylon, but he has yet to cut himself off from Babylon. It befits us to believe that this is the way of understanding Holy Scripture, lest the wisdom of God note there is an emptiness at our height. For He who commands man, saying, 'You shall not appear empty before me,' 2 much more urges this lest we speak in vain. For the prophets received His fullness, and when they were full to bursting, they sang, and therefore the holy books breathe forth the fullness of the sprit, and nothing, either in the prophets, or in the Law or in the Gospel, or in the Apostle, is there that has not come down from the fullness of the Divine majesty. As they breathe forth in the Holy Scriptures their fullness of words even today, so they breathe in those who have eyes for seeing the things of heaven and ears for the hearing of Divine things and noses for the sensing of such fullness. I have said this because it is not set down simply,' Flee from Babylon' but it comes with a necessary addition, 'Flee from the midst of Babylon and let each one restore his soul.' First one must flee from the midst of Babylon, then, having fled, each one must restore his soul. For it does not say 'save' but 'restore.' And the difference in phrasing signifies a mystery. That is, they once tasted of salvation and after fell into ruin because of their sins, and so came to Babylon, which is the cause of them needing to restore their souls, so that they may begin to recover what they have lost, as the Apostle Peter says 'Receiving the end of your faith, even the salvation of your souls, which salvation the prophets have inquired and diligently sought, who prophesied grace.' 3 Truly it is for us to flee from Babylon and it is in our power if we wish to restore what has been ruined. Origen, Fourteen Homilies on Jeremiah, from the Second Sermon, Translated by Saint Jerome. 1 Jerem 51.6 2 Exod 23.15 3 1 Pet 1.9-10